In this article we analyze what has been achieved by the introduction of the euro in terms of macroeconomic convergence and leveling of competitive conditions among the EMU member countries. In particular, has the convergence in nominal exchange rates resulted in divergence in real exchange and interest rates? And how has Finland fared relative to the EMU members? The answer is that real exchange

BACKGROUND: Paraesophageal hernias are quite common and sometimes feared due to the risk of incarceration and strangulation of any herniated organ. The hereby reported combination of an incarcerated paraesophageal hernia containing a perforated peptic ulcer is extremely rare. CASE PRESENTATION: An elderly man with multiple medical conditions was admitted due to severe upper abdominal pain. The pat

This paper describes a nonlinear dynamic model for natural circulation drum-boilers. The nonlinear model which is intended for model based control focuses on the complicated dynamics ofthe drum, downcomer, and riser components. A strong effort has been made to strike a balance between fidelity and simplicity. The model is derived from first principles, and is characterized by a few physical parame

Capsule Iberian Chiffchaffs Phylloscopus (collybita) brehmii are genetically, morphologically and bioacoustically different from European Chiffchaffs (P [c.] collybita). Aim To examine the difference in migratory pattern between brehmii and collybita. Methods We inferred variation in distance of migration between brehmii and collybita by analysing differences in flight-related morphology (wing-len

Radiative lifetimes of three long-lived levels belonging to the 4f(10)5d configuration of Ho III have been measured, for the first time, using the time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence technique. A good agreement between the experimental lifetimes and theoretical results obtained within a multiconfigurational pseudo-relativistic Hartree-Fock (HFR) approach including core-polarization (CP) effec

We present femtosecond-resolved optical near-field pump-probe measurements of spatiotemporal carrier dynamics around a single nanoscale tungsten (W) disk embedded in GaAs. In these samples, Schottky contacts are formed at the W/GaAs interface. The experimental results are modeled by a selfconsistent treatment of the drift-diffusion equation for the carriers and Poisson's equation for the built-in

The prospective prognostic significance of flow cytometry derived DNA-ploidy status, the level of the S-phase fraction (SPF), estrogen receptor (ER) content, and combinations of these factors, was evaluated with respect to overall survival (OS) in a series of 516 breast cancer patients who were without signs of residual or distant disease after primary completed treatment. The median duration of s

Popular Abstract in Swedish Polycykliska aromatiska kolväten (PAH) är en grupp organiska ämnen som kan vara giftiga men även starkt cancerframkallande. De bildas vid förbränning av organiskt material vid låg syretillförsel och återfinns i olika produkter som tjära och fossila bränslen. De källor som tillför störst mängd till miljön idag är bostadsuppvärmning med ved, kol och olja (i Sverige ca 2/3Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of organic pollutants of great environmental concern, due to their toxicity, carcinogenicity and long persistence in the environment. To determine the potential risk associated with PAHs released from contaminated soil or waste materials, knowledge is required on the leachable concentrations of PAHs and the amounts available for release. The obj

Nurse-patient cooperation during morning care in two wards for the care of severely demented patients (107 observations) were analyzed by using a hermeneutic-phenomenological approach. Nurse-patient cooperation was found to be characterized by their acting in mutuality or unilaterality and in or out of pace with each other. When acting in pace and mutuality, the nurse and patient turned to each ot

Popular Abstract in Swedish Patientföreningarnas (PF) betydelse för sina medlemmar och för hälso- och sjukvårdssystemet har ökat och kommer sannolikt att öka. Denna avhandling studerar PF för cancerpatienter (PFCP) med avseende på utbredning, funktion, aktiviteter, och samverkan med hälso- och sjukvården utifrån föreningarnas och medlemmarnas erfarenheter. Studie I idenitifierar och beskriver svenPatient associations (PAs) have an increasing impact for their members and for the health care system. This thesis studies PAs for cancer patients (PACPs) ? currently with over 20 000 members in Sweden ? regarding coverage, activities, and collaboration with the health care system with specific reference to the members? experiences. Study I identified and characterized Swedish PACPs, their activit

Proton-Induced X-ray emission analysis (PIXE) constitutes a method for trace element analysis characterized by multielemental capability, detection limits in the low ppm-range and size resolution down towards a micrometre. In applications where the sensitivity of the Electron-Induced X-ray Emission (EIXE) analysis is not sufficient and where a spatial resolution not better than a few micrometres i

Popular Abstract in Swedish Boken handlar om jag-begreppet i tanke och tal. Huvudfrågan är vad vi menar när vi säger 'jag. Relaterade frågor rör vilka sorters jag-kunskap och självmedvetande som behövs för att kunna tala om sig själv. Betoningen ligger på menings- och referensteorier, men ett stort utrymme ägnas även åt jag-tankar och jagbegreppets roll för tänkande i allmänhet.The subjct of this book is the first person in thought and language. The main question is what we mean when we say 'I'. Related to it are questions about what kinds of self-consciousness and self-knowledge are needed in order for us to have the capacity to talk about ourselves. The emphasis is on theories of meaning and reference for 'I', but a fair amount of space is devoted to 'I'-thoughts and t

Preincubation of a triolein/phospholipid/cholesteryl oleate-emulsion in vitro with either pancreatic phospholipase A2 (PLA2) or gastric lipase (GL) resulted in hydrolysis (measured by pH-stat-titration) of cholesteryl [3H]oleate only after human pancreatic carboxyl ester lipase (CEL) was added to the system. No appreciable hydrolysis was observed when CEL was added alone. Consequently, a concerted

In spite of the fact that hypertension is the main risk factor for cerebrovascular disease, retrospective studies have not given a clear answer concerning the role of hypertension in vascular dementia. Hypertension predisposes to intracerebral and extracerebral arterial alterations which may cause cerebrovascular events by a number of mechanisms. In addition to the established association between

Background: Mild head injury (MHI) implies a risk for traumatic brain injury and even a small risk for development of an intracranial hematoma. Head computed tomography (CT) is recommended for early detection of such pathologic findings. The present multicenter study was performed to investigate whether determination of protein S100B in serum could contribute to the selection of patients for CT sc

Gasol är ett användarvänligt PC-baserat datorprogram i Windowsmiljö. Programmet är specifikt utformat för simuleringar av utsläpp av gasol. Gasol är utvecklat på Brandteknik vid Lunds Universitet på uppdrag av Statens Räddningsverk. Gasol är ett vanligt bränsle i Sverige och användningen ökar. Både större och mindre olyckor har inträffat efter vådautsläpp av gasol. För att göra erforderliga riskan

An experiment has been performed to search for superdeformed (SD) states in Dy-149,Dy-150. While no evidence for discrete superdeformed states has been observed, a superdeformed ridge with a separation of Delta E-gamma=52 keV with a total intensity of 1.8+/-0.5% that of Dy-150 has been observed. An upper limit of 0.8% (0.9%), of the intensity of Dy-150 (Dy-149), is placed for observation of the mo

Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna studie är inriktad på förhållandet mellan människa och hav på Tongaöarna i Polynesien. Särskild tonvikt läggs på det samlande av alger och ryggradslösa djur som utförs av kvinnorna i lagunerna och på korallreven. Beskrivningar ges av hur dessa organismer anskaffas och hur de används för olika ändamål, den plats de haft i religiösa föreställningar samt hur folkökniThis monograph analyses marine gathering in the Polynesian Kingdom of Tonga from ecological, social and cognitive perspectives. The overarching issues explored are (1) the significance of marine gathering in the past and present, (2) how seaweeds and marine invertebrates have been perceived, classified, named and used, (3) how they have been implicated in social relations, and (4) how the integrat

Background: The causes of Crohn disease (CD) are still regarded as unknown, but impaired mucosal immunoregulation with activation of T-helper-1 (Th-1) cytokine responses is probably involved and may contribute to the morphological changes. We investigated a possible role of osteopontin (Opn) in the pathogenesis of CD. This glycoprotein has been suggested to be involved in the generation of Th-1-ty