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Popular Abstract in Swedish Vårt immunsystem består av ett nätverk av olika sorters celler och molekyler, vars uppgift är att försvara oss mot patogener (sjukdomsalstrande organismer) som till exempel virus och bakterier, medan det samtidigt måste tolerera proteiner och ämnen som finns naturligt i vår kropp. Immunsystemet kan delas upp i två delar; det medfödda (eller ospecifika) och det adaptiva Mucosal tissues such as the intestine present an enormous surface area to the outside environment and are continually exposed to foreign antigens in food and microflora. Thus, the intestinal mucosa must must remain tolerant to these innocuous antigens while at same time be able to mount effective immune responses to pathogens. Intestinal dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages, found throughout the

Mixtures of powders of platinum with nickel or cobalt to obtain Ni0.75Pt0.25 or Co0.75Pt0.25 were mechanical alloyed by high energy ball milling. The results of crystal structure, morphology and electrocatalytic performance are presented for mechanically activated powders after 3 and 9 h of ball milling. Total solid solutions of Ni and Co with platinum were analyzed by X-ray diffraction after 3 h

The etiology of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) includes inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. To evaluate relations between these mechanisms and AAA growth, endothelin (ET)-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and CD40 ligand were related to yearly AAA growth for 2.9 +/- 1.6 years (mean +/- SD) in 178 patients with conservatively followed AAA. Total number of follow-up ye

Height is a classic polygenic trait, reflecting the combined influence of multiple as-yet- undiscovered genetic factors. We carried out a meta-analysis of genome-wide association study data of height from 15,821 individuals at 2.2 million SNPs, and followed up the strongest findings in 410,000 subjects. Ten newly identified and two previously reported loci were strongly associated with variation i

Purpose: To clarify patient opinions about alcohol intervention in relation to surgery before investigating the effect in a Scandinavian multi-centre randomized trial. Material and Methods: A qualitative study. Thirteen consecutive alcohol patients with fractures participated after informed consent. They were interviewed during their hospital stay. The number of participants was based on the crit

There is currently a strongly growing interest in obtaining optimal control solutions for vehicle manoeuvres, both in order to understand optimal vehicle behaviour and, perhaps more importantly, to devise improved safety systems, either by direct deployment of the solutions or by including mimicked driving techniques of professional drivers. However, it is non-trivial to find the right combination

A review is given of how the production by plants of compounds useful as medicines or raw materials for manufacture of medicines is influenced by ultraviolet radiation, particularly by UV-B radiation (280-315 nm wavelength). The compounds considered in this review are flavonoids and other phenolics, alkaloids (especially indole terpenoid and purine alkaloids), essential oils and other terpenoids,

In this study, we respond to calls for further investigation on why and how scientists choose to commercialize their research. Mowery (University entrepreneurship and technology transfer: process design, and intellectual property, Elsevier, Oxford 2005), in his criticism of the US-system, emphasizes the need for multiple channels between university and industry. His argument makes the case of Swed

This paper deals with the implementation of model selection criteria to data generated by ARMA processes. The recently introduced modified divergence information criterion is used and compared with traditional selection criteria like the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and the Schwarz information criterion (SIC). The appropriateness of the selected model is tested for one- and five-step ahead p

Objective . Hypoglycaemia is regularly accompanied by hypovolaemia. To suggest a mechanism for this phenomenon, we reviewed data from eight studies conducted by our group and examined the circumstances under which rebound hypoglycaemia develops after intravenous infusion of glucose solutions. Material and methods. Forty healthy volunteers and 40 patients received a total of 122 infusions of glucos

Phenological models have mainly been developed to capture the seasonal development of individual trees and local populations, using data from meteorological stations. Ecosystem models that incorporate phenology are however commonly driven by gridded climate data. Using two phenological models to simulate budburst of birch in Germany, we assessed how combining phenological point observations with g

We here present the first genetic fine mapping of experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN), the animal model of Guillain-Barre syndrome, in a rat advanced intercross line. We identified and refined a total of five quantitative trait loci on rat chromosomes 4, 10, and 12 (RNO4, RNO10, RNO12), showing linkage to splenic IFN-gamma secretion and disease severity. All quantitative trait loci were shared

We have studied the influence of three different fullerene derivatives on the charge generation and recombination dynamics of polymer/fullerene bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cell blends. Charge generation in APFO3/[70]PCBM and APFO3/[60]PCBM is very similar and somewhat slower than charge generation in APFO3/[70]BTPF. This difference qualitatively matches the trend in free energy change of elect

Background: There is growing interest in odonates (damselflies and dragonflies) as model organisms in ecology and evolutionary biology but the development of genomic resources has been slow. So far only one draft genome (Ladona fulva) and one transcriptome assembly (Enallagma hageni) have been published. Odonates have some of the most advanced visual systems among insects and several species are c

The Early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE) represents one of the major alterations of the carbon cycle of the Mesozoic period. Despite being globally recognized, and particularly represented within the Tethys realm, its expression in the sedimentary record is highly variable depending on the studied section, which suggests local environmental factors exert a major control on the resulting lit