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Multilevel Monte Carlo is a novel method for reducing the computational costwhen computing conditional expectations of stochastic processes. This paper considersthe transition density for diffusion processes. It is known that the transitiondensity can be written as an expectation by utilizing the law of total probabilitycombined with the Markov property. This idea is combined with the multilevelMoMultilevel Monte Carlo is a novel method for reducing the computational cost when computing conditional expectations of stochastic processes. This paper considers the transition density for diffusion processes. It is known that the transition density can be written as an expectation by utilizing the law of total probability combined with the Markov property. This idea is combined with the multilev

Rail transport is an environmentally responsible approach and traffic is expected to increase in the coming decades. Little is known about the implications for quality of life of populations living close to railways. This study explores the way in which vibrations from rail are perceived and described by these populations. The study took place in the Västra Götaland and Värmland regions of Sweden.

This chapter traces the long-run development of Genuine Savings (GS) using a panel of eleven countries during the twentieth century. This panel covers a number of developed countries (Great Britain, Germany,Switzerland, France, the US, and Australia) as well as a set of resource-abundant countries in Latin America(Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico). These countries represent approxima

A low-latency and area-efficient FFT/IFFT scheme is presented. The main idea is to utilize OFDM guard bands to reduce the operation counts and processing time, which results in 42% latency reduction compared to the reported pipelined schemes. To realize this idea, a modified pipelined architecture and an efficient data scheduling scheme are proposed. Furthermore, the proposed architecture is scala

We have studied an X-ray switch based on a gold coated indium antimonide crystal using time-resolved X-ray diffraction and demonstrated that the switch could reduce the pulse duration of a 100 ps X-ray pulse down to 20 ps with a peak reflectivity of 8%. We have used a dynamical diffraction code to predict the performance of the switch, which was then confirmed experimentally. The experiment was ca

A flying animal can minimize its energy consumption by choosing an optimal flight speed depending on the task at hand. Choice of flight speed can be predicted by modelling the aerodynamic power required for flight, and this tool has previously been used extensively in bird migration research. For insects, however, it is uncertain whether any of the commonly used power models are useful, as insects

Many animals engage in contests with conspecifics for access to resources. Understanding which resources individuals are contesting for, and what influences the outcome is central to our understanding of contest behaviour. We initially observed female bees of the genus Tetralonia (sp. n.) aggressively competing for access to burrows in the ground, without any clear indication of exactly which reso

The aim of model calibration is to estimate unique parameter values from available experimental data, here applied to a biocatalytic process. The traditional approach of first gathering data followed by performing a model calibration is inefficient, since the information gathered during experimentation is not actively used to optimize the experimental design. By applying an iterative robust model-

Background. Exposure to lead (Pb) in environmental and occupational settings continues to be a serious public health problem and may pose an elevated risk of genetic damage. Objectives. The aim of this study was to assess the level of oxidative stress and DNA damage in subjects occupationally exposed to lead. Material and methods. We studied a population of 78 male workers exposed to lead in a lea

Barnahus collaboration spans different regulatory fields and brings together conflicting logics, creating an institutional tension between justice and welfare. In this chapter, collaboration in Swedish Barnahus is analysed in a critical manner, drawing on institutional theory and a three-dimensional concept of power. The complex institutional power dynamics evolving in Barnahus collaboration are iBarnahus collaboration spans different regulatory fields and brings together conflicting logics, creating an institutional tension between justice and welfare. In this chapter, collaboration in Swedish Barnahus is analysed in a critical manner, drawing on institutional theory and a three-dimensional concept of power. The complex institutional power dynamics evolving in Barnahus collaboration are i

A key message from this chapter - and the book as such - is that the Nordic Barnahus model is a step in the right direction in terms of meeting victimised children's needs and legal rights, and that it could be recommended as a promising practice for other countries. At the same time, it is not a quick fix. In light of the book contributions, this chapter discusses the potentials and challenges ofA key message from this chapter - and the book as such - is that the Nordic Barnahus model is a step in the right direction in terms of meeting victimised children's needs and legal rights, and that it could be recommended as a promising practice for other countries. At the same time, it is not a quick fix. In light of the book contributions, this chapter discusses the potentials and challenges of

The present study uses the concept of technological efficacy derived from ecological psychology and design studies to offer an alternative way of analyzing how policy instruments affect change. Reasoning from this, the paper outlines a framework for analyzing policy instruments in terms of their affordances. We define affordances as the means through which an instrument exerts influence on its int

Based on national legislations, Swedish municipal authorities have the responsibility as well as the means to shape their own transport and energy systems and lead the transformation towards fossil fuel free cities. In this report we explore how sixteen Swedish municipalities work toward fossil fuel free visions and goals with a particular emphasis on the urban transport and energy systems. We der

The idea of Circular Economy is gaining a momentum among companies, households and policy makers. In order to support a smooth transition to this idea, new ways of producing and using products and services are needed, which in turn require innovative business models. Such business models may help companies capitalise on closed resource loops and maintain or improve their competitive position in th

Det hörs många kritiska röster om våra pensioner. Det påstås ofta att pensionerna är för låga, för beroende av börsutvecklingen, missgynnar kvinnorna eller att systemet är alldeles för krångligt. Har kritikerna rätt? Är det dags att än en gång reformera pensionerna? Det är nu 20 år sedan riksdagen fattade ett principbeslut om ett helt nytt pensionssystem. Pensionssystem är långsiktiga åtaganden. D

This article sketches an analytical framework connecting the literature on conflict transformation with understandings of the role of history and agency in conflicted societies. By focusing on the dissemination of different historical narratives, emphasis falls on endogenous processes and the interaction between inside actors to conflicts. This study moves beyond the many conflict studies with com