In the course of our educational life we are introduced to various subject areas, each with its specific way of representing knowledge. The challenge for the learner is to be able to think in ways that are supported by, and match, the representational format. A fundamental question for the science of learning concerns how this is achieved. In this thesis, it will be argued that by observing indivi

Objectives. Surgical sites infections are very expensive and the total costs for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery followed by deep sternal wound infection (DSWI) with conventional therapy are estimated to be 2.8 times that for normal, CABG surgery. Promising results have been reported with vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) therapy in patients with DSWI. This study presents the cost of VA

Popular Abstract in Swedish För att vi ska kunna lösa globala problem som miljöförstöring och fattigdom är det många som menar att den privata sektorn måste involveras på ett aktivt sätt. I den här avhandlingen, som består av en introduktion och fem vetenskapliga artiklar som tidigare publicerats i internationella tidskrifter, studeras ett exempel på hur privata aktörer faktiskt redan involverats It is commonly argued that the private sector needs to become actively involved for society to stand a chance of solving the most pressing global problems. This thesis, consisting of five articles previously published in refereed journals and an introductory essay, studies one case of private actor participation in global environmental governance: the Kyoto Protocol’s Clean Development Mechanism (

Background: Patients with allergic rhinitis may be abnormally sensitive to stimulation of the ion channel transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1). Aim of the study: To examine effects of various TRP ion channel activators on sensory symptoms in allergic rhinitis prior to and during seasonal allergen exposure. Methods: Nasal challenges were carried out with the TRPV1-activators capsaicin,

In this paper we present some ideas for knowledge representation formalism suitable for rational agents which learn how to choose the best conditional, partial plan in any given situation. In our architecture, the agent uses an incomplete symbolic inference engine, employing Active Logic, to reason about consequences of performing actions — including information-providing ones. It utilises a simpl

Potentiation of spinal nociceptive transmission by synaptic delivery of AMPA receptors, via an NMDA receptor- and Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)-dependent pathway, has been proposed to underlie certain forms of hyperalgesia, the enhanced pain sensitivity that may accompany inflammation or tissue injury. However, the specific synaptic populations that may be subject to such