Ecosystems are multifunctional and provide humanity with a broad array of vital services. Effective management of services requires an improved evidence base, identifying the role of ecosystems in delivering multiple services, which can assist policy-makers in maintaining them. Here, information from the literature and scientific experts was used to systematically document the importance of servic

Type 2 diabetes is triggered by reduced insulin production, caused by genetic and environmental factors such as inflammation originating from the innate immune system. Complement proteins are a component of innate immunity and kill non-self cells by perforating the plasma membrane, a reaction prevented by CD59. Human pancreatic islets express CD59 at very high levels. CD59 is primarily known as a

Due to significant improvement in the pre-hospital treatment of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), an increasing number of initially resuscitated patients are being admitted to hospitals. Because of the limited data available and lack of clear guideline recommendations, experts from the EAPCI and "Stent for Life" (SFL) groups reviewed existing literature and provided practical gu

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are mature CD5(+) B-cell malignancies with different biological/clinical characteristics. We recently reported an association between different prognostic subgroups of CLL (i.e., IGHV mutated and unmutated) and genomic methylation pattern. However, the relationship between DNA methylation and prognostic markers, such as the prolifer

Favorable associations between magnesium intake and glycemic traits, such as fasting glucose and insulin, are observed in observational and clinical studies, but whether genetic variation affects these associations is largely unknown. We hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with either glycemic traits or magnesium metabolism affect the association between magnesium i

Background and objectives: This study assessed plasma N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) as a prognostic marker of cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic kidney disease stages 3-4 and anaemia treated with epoetin beta to two haemoglobin target ranges. Design, setting, participants & measurements: Of 603 patients enrolled in the C ardiovascular Risk Reduction by E

Background/Aims: Our purpose was to investigate whether the new research criteria for Alzheimer's disease proposed in 2007 by Dubois et al. are valid in a naturalistic memory clinic sample. Method: Retrospective diagnostic analyses were carried out to compare the traditional diagnostic criteria for dementia with the new criteria suggested by Dubois et al. No patient had gone through all procedures

Abstract Background and aims. Microscopic colitis (MC), predominantly affecting women, is associated with thyroid disorders, although purely defined of which type, or compared with controls. Its association with subclinical thyroid disorders, and related increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, has never been examined. The aim was to examine the prevalence of autoantibodies and subclinical and c

The aim of the present study was to investigate the extent to which personality traits, after controlling for general intelligence, predict academic performance in different school subjects. Upper secondary school students in Sweden (N=315) completed the Wonderlic IQ test (Wonderlic, 1992) and the IPIP-NEO-PI test (Goldberg, 1999). A series of hierarchical structural equation models showed that ge

The behavior of a sterically crowded neutral pincer {2,6-bis[(di-t-butylphosphino)methyll-phenyl}palladium (PCPPd) halides, PCPPdX (X = Cl, Br or I), as XB acceptors with strong halogen bond (XB) donors, iodine (I(2)), 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene (F4DIBz), and 1,4-dliodooctafluorobutane (F8DIBu) were studied in the solid state. The co-crystallization experiments afforded high-quality single cryst

Abstract Objectives. To determine whether a steerable catheter with electrogram guidance (CS-assist group) could facilitate access to the coronary sinus (CS) during cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) implantation. Design. Consecutive patients who underwent CRT implantation were recruited prospectively into the CS-assist group (n = 81) and compared with those using conventional techniques with

We estimate the respective importance of spatial sorting and agglomeration economies in explaining the urban wage premium for workers with different sets of skills. Sorting is the main source of the wage premium. Agglomeration economies are in general small, but are larger for workers with skills associated with non-routine job tasks. They also appear to involve human capital accumulation, as evid

Airway hyperreactivity (AHR) is a major feature of asthmatic and inflammatory airways. Cigarette smoke exposure, and bacterial and viral infections are well-known environmental risk factors for AHR, but knowledge about the underlying molecular mechanisms on how these risk factors lead to the development of AHR is limited. Activation of intracellular mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/nuclear

We investigate the rotational response of both nondipolar and dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates confined in an annular potential via minimization of the energy in the rotating frame. For the nondipolar case we identify certain phases which are associated with different vortex configurations. For the dipolar case, assuming that the dipoles are aligned along some arbitrary and tunable direction, we

Stochastic optimal power flow can provide the system operator with adequate strategies for controlling the power flow to maintain secure operation under stochastic parameter variations. One limitation of stochastic optimal power flow has been that only steady-state variable limits have been used as security constraints. In many systems voltage stability and small-signal stability also play an impo

The plant respiratory chain contains several pathways which bypass the energy-conserving electron transport complexes I, III, and IV. These energy-bypasses, including type II NAD(P)H dehydrogenases and the alternative oxidase (AOX), may have a role in redox-stabilisation and regulation, but current evidence is inconclusive. Using RNA interference, we generated Arabidopsis thaliana plants simultane

Objective: To address the need for standardization of osteoarthritis (OA) phenotypes by examining the effect of heterogeneity among symptomatic (SOA) and radiographic osteoarthritis (ROA) phenotypes. Methods: Descriptions of OA phenotypes of the 28 studies involved in the TREAT-OA consortium were collected. We investigated whether different OA definitions result in different association results by

To be able to disseminate knowledge about maritime safety culture and safety management to different actors in the Swedish maritime sector, a didactic design was developed and evaluated. The didactic design includes an interactive scenario-based module and a teacher’s guide and is based on a model for experience-based learning that connects theory and practice by a cyclic approach. Students at up

Because of their small electromagnetic corrections, the isospin-breaking decays n -> 3 pi seem to be good candidates for extracting isospin-breaking parameters similar to(m(d) - m(u)). This task is unfortunately complicated by large chiral corrections and the discrepancy between the experimentally measured values of the Dalitz parameters describing the energy dependence of the amplitudes of these