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A high resolution soft X-ray monochromator for the 550 MeV MAX storage ring is described. The instrument combines a plane elliptical premirror collecting a large (10 mrad) horizontal angle of radiation and a modified version of the well-known SX-700 plane grating monochromator (PGM). The modification consists of changing the original ellipsoidal focussing mirror to a plane elliptical mirror. There
A design of a small size grazing incidence instrument is presented, which offers large spectral range and high resolution without sacrificing luminosity. The instrument is particularly suited for use at synchrotron radiation sources since it can be conveniently attached to existing experiment chambers. The basic idea of the design is the use of fixed mounted gratings of diffent radii and groove de
The N6,7O4,5O4,5 Auger spectra of iridium, platinum, and gold have been measured. In conformity with the trends found in XVV spectra from the 3d- and 4d-series metals we find a change from bandlike toward quasiatomic behavior going from Ir to Au. The Auger spectrum from Ir is well described by a self-convolution of the valence band, thus showing a delocalized nature of the two-hole final state. Th
The surface core level shift of the 4f 7 2 level in a Pt2%Au and a Pt15%Au alloy has been investigated using high resolution synchrotron radiation excited photoelectron spectroscopy. The bulk and surface components in the recorded spectra have been extracted using a curve fitting procedure. The chemical shifts and the bulk-to-surface intensity ratios are consistent with a strong enrichments of Au
We have used surface sensitive photoelectron spectroscopy to study the Be 1s core level from the Be(0001) single crystal surface. Two core peaks are observed, one from the bulk atoms, and the other from the first layer surface atoms. They are separated in binding energy by 0.50 eV, the surface peak being located at lower binding energy. This experimental surface core level shift (SCS) is compared
The resonant enhancement in photoelectron spectra at the 4d edges of rare earth atoms and metals is also found in yield spectra of desorbed ions from the surfaces of the oxides of Sm, Eu and Yb following the photon excitation. The analysis of the 4d → 4f resonance leads to a picture of an indirect mechanism of ion desorption which is mainly caused by the flux of energetic 4f photoelectrons from th
The experimental core-level spectra for the noble metals Cu, Ag, and Au are shown to contain intrinsic satellite features. In the case of Ag, however, the identification is somewhat less certain than for the other two metals. The satellites are interpreted as being due to d-valence-electron shakeup processes. This view is supported by calculations of the multiplet splittings and also by calculatio
The oxidation-induced valence change of Yb leads to a single 4f hole in the ground state. The creation of the 4f13 configuration which does not exist for any pure rare-earth metal makes it possible to analyze the 4d4f Fano resonance for a simple system experimentally as well as theoretically. Calculated Fano profiles for the 4f12 final-state multiplets are in good agreement with photoemission meas
The literature on geography of innovation suggests that innovation outcomes depend on a diversity of knowledge inputs, which can be captured with the differentiated knowledge base approach. While knowledge bases are distinct theoretical categories, existing studies stress that innovation often involves combinations of analytical, synthetic, and symbolic knowledge. It remains unclear, though, which
The stomach helps to maintain calcium homoeostasis by making dietary calcium accessible for uptake in the intestines, although the effect of the stomach on calcium homoeostasis is poorly understood. We examined the effect on blood calcium of gastric surgery in the rat. Within three weeks gastrectomy and fundectomy (excision of the acid producing part of the stomach) induced a slight lowering of th
As in the rat, gastrin and an extract of the acid-producing part of the stomach (proventriculus) were found to lower the blood Ca2+ concentration in the chicken. Furthermore, gastrin enhanced the uptake of 45Ca into the femur. It has been suggested previously that gastrin causes hypocalcemia in the rat by releasing gastrocalcin, a hypothetical hormone thought to reside in the acid-producing part o
This article explores practices of counter-conduct in Jerusalem. Its aims are threefold: (1) to deepen understandings of how practices of counter-conduct relates to the structures it aims to subvert; (2) to probe how counter-conduct is expressed through subjectivities that undermine and bolster relationships in the conflict; (3) to further understandings of resistance against Jerusalem’s urban pla
Total gastrectomy or resection of the acid-producing part of the stomach (fundectomy) in the rat induced a marked and rapid reduction in bone wet weight, ash weight, and density (expressed as ash weight in mg/mm3 bone). Bone volumes were also affected but not as much. The radius, sternum, tibia, and femur were studied. Three weeks after gastrectomy the bone ash weight was reduced by almost 30% and
It has been argued that innovation increasingly depends on external knowledge sources. It is still unclear if relations to particular knowledge sources or to a broad variety of sources matter for innovation. Also, there is a debate on the issue which spatial levels are most relevant. In this context, we investigate the importance for ICT firms in Austria of variety in knowledge sourcing for their
Young male rats (100 g body weight) were fed diets containing varying amounts of calcium. Body weight and bone development were studied together with various endocrine parameters, including blood levels of Ca2+, calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, and gastrin, and the enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell-related parameters gastric mucosal histidine decarboxylase activity and histamine concentr
