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Diabetes is an increasing worldwide problem leading to major associated health issues and increased health care costs. In 2012, 9.3% of the American population was affected by diabetes, according to the American Diabetes Association, with 1.7 million of new cases since during the year (www.diabetes.org). Proteome initiatives can provide a deeper understanding of the biology of this disease and hel
Three-dimensional (3D) imaging of dynamic objects that rapidly undergoes structural changes, such as turbulent combusting flows, has been a long-standing challenge, mainly due to the common need for sequential image acquisitions. To accurately sense the 3D shape of the sample, all acquisitions need to be recorded within a sufficiently short time-scale during which the sample appears stationary. He
This paper studies the consequences on high temperature corrosion when biomass is co-fired with coal in oxy-fuel combustion, a concept that would enable negative CO2 emissions by combining renewable fuels with CO2 capture. The particular focus of the work is the sulphation of alkali chlorides which is studied by means of experiments and modelling. The melting point of alkali sulphates is higher th
Irradiating a flame by microwave radiation is one of several plasma-assisted combustion (PAC) technologies that can be used to modify the combustion chemical kinetics in order to improve flame-stability and to delay lean blow-out. One practical implication is that engines may be able to operate with leaner fuel mixtures and have an improved fuel flexibility capability including biofuels. In additi
Single-shot imaging of methyl radical (CH3) in premixed methane/air flames is demonstrated using photofragmentation laser-induced fluorescence (PF-LIF) technique. A pump-probe strategy was adopted with the pump laser at 212.8 nm photolyzing CH3, and with the probe laser at 426.8 nm detecting the photolyzed CH (X 2Π) fragments. Spatially resolved spectrograph of the PF-LIF signal from a stable lami
Flame emission spectra and OH* imaging are carried out together with planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) of OH and CH2O to characterize the reaction zone structures of three combustion modes, i.e. a flame mode, a transition mode and a flameless mode, established in a laboratory combustor. Spectroscopic measurements indicate that the invisibility of the flameless mode can be attributed to a mo
The complete rotational CARS (coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering) spectrum of ethane (C2H6) has for the first time been recorded instantaneously under high spectral resolution, and the potential for thermometry has been investigated. Experiments were performed in the temperature range 292-650K in pure ethane and in binary mixtures with nitrogen. A polarization technique was used to suppress the
A three-dimensional (3D) direct numerical simulation (DNS) of an experimental turbulent premixed jet flame at high Karlovitz number was studied. The DNS resolution adequately resolves both the flame and turbulence structures. A reduced chemical mechanism for premixed CH4/air flames with NOx based on GRI-Mech3.0 was used, including 268 elementary reactions, and 28 transported species. Consistent po
Background: One of the most serious complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF). This study investigated the incidence of POPF before and after centralization of pancreatic surgery in Southern Sweden and its impact on outcome and health care costs. Methods: The local registry comprising all pancreatic resections at Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sw
Objective: To assess the trend of sex disparity in hemoglobin concentration and prevalence of anemia among Chinese school-aged children from 1995 to 2010. Study design: Data were collected from 360 866 children aged 7, 9, 12, 14, and 17 years during 4 cross-sectional surveys (1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010) of the Chinese National Surveys on Students Constitution and Health. Shifts in hemoglobin conce
Objective: To determine factors associated with higher degree of meniscal body extrusion in overweight and obese women at high risk of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Design: We used baseline data of the PRevention of knee Osteoarthritis in Overweight Females (PROOF) study, Netherlands, comprising overweight or obese women aged 50-60 years, free of clinical knee OA. All subjects completed a questionnair
AIMS: Exosome-mediated microRNA transfer is a recently discovered mode of cell-to-cell communication, in which microRNAs act as paracrine molecules, exerting their regulatory effects in recipient cells. T cells and endothelial cells are two main players in the mechanism of acute cellular cardiac rejection. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of exosomal microRNAs in the crosstalk bet
Many bacteria have the ability to interact with antibodies as a means to circumvent the immune response. This includes binding to the Fc portion of antibodies, effectively reversing the antibody orientation and thus decreasing the Fc-mediated immune signaling. Since antibody orientation at the bacterial surface has been shown to be important in human disease, it is valuable to be able to assess ho
Neutrophils have an incredible ability to find and eradicate intruders such as bacteria and fungi. They do this largely through the process of phagocytosis, where the target is internalized into a phagosome, and eventually destroyed by the hostile phagosomal environment. It is important to study phagocytosis in order to understand how neutrophils interact with various pathogens and how they respon
