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Females of many songbird species show a preference for mating with males that have larger song repertoires, but the advantages associated with this preference are uncertain. We tested the hypothesis that song complexity can serve as an indicator of male quality because the development of the brain regions underlying song learning and production occurs when young birds typically face nutritional an
Reflectance spectrophotometry from 420 to 780 nm on 31 primary melanoma and 31 benign nevi has been performed by using an external integrating sphere coupled to a spectrophotometer. Measurements show that reflectance spectra of melanoma and nevi manifest dissimilar patterns. From these spectra four variables, whose physical and/or physiological meanings remain to be investigated, have been derived
Phosphorus uptake and translocation through intact mycelial systems of Paxillus involutus and Suillus variegatus infecting Pinus contorta seedlings was monitored non-destructively using a beta-scanner. Mycorrhizal plants were grown in flat perspex chambers (20 x 6 cm(2)) and root growth was restricted to the upper portion of each chamber enabling mycelial translocation to be studied over distances
One of the challenges that must be overcome to realize the practical benefits of ad hoc networks is quality of service (QoS). However, the IEEE 802.11 standard, which undeniably is the most widespread wireless technology of choice for WLANs and ad hoc networks, does not address this issue. In order to support applications with QoS requirements, the upcoming IEEE 802.11e standard enhances the origi
Background There are limited data available on tumour subtype-specific familial risks for nervous-system tumours. We aimed to provide such data at the population level. Methods We used data from the nationwide Swedish and Norwegian databases on familial cancer to calculate standardised incidence ratios (SIRS) for the familial risk of developing a nervous-system tumour in offspring born after 1931
Event-related potentials (ERPs) and behavioral measures were used to investigate recognition memory and source-monitoring judgements about previously perceived and imagined pictures. At study, word labels of common objects were presented. Half of these were followed by a corresponding picture and the other half by an empty frame, signalling to the Ss (aged 20-35 yrs) to mentally visualize an image
Background. To further improve the outcome of clinical islet transplantation analysis of the impact of donor- and process-related factors could be of great importance. Materials and Methods. Thirty-eight consecutive clinical islet transplantations were performed with consecutive islet isolations. Univariate analysis for donor- and isolation-related variables were correlated with recipient C-peptid
This paper takes the regulation of identity as a focus for examining organizational control. It considers how employees are enjoined to develop self-images and work orientations that are deemed congruent with managerially defined objectives. This focus on identity extends and deepens themes developed within other analyses of normative control. Empirical materials are deployed to illustrate how man
The surface pressure–molecular area (–A) relationship for spread layers of the high molecular-weight glutenin subunit 1Dx5, a 58 kDa peptide derived from the central repetitive domain of the subunit, and an -gliadin fraction was measured by means of a surface film balance (Langmuir trough). The aqueous phase was a 10 mM acetate buffer, pH 4.0, either with or without 100 mM NaCl. Subunit 1Dx5 gener
Ionic conducting polymer gels prepared from PEG-grafted acrylates, ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), and LiPF6 are studied by means of infrared and Raman spectroscopy. It is found that the presence of grafted PEO chains substantially changes the coordination of lithium cations from 'cation-solvent' to 'cation-polymer'. Spectroscopic studies show that Li+-PEO coordination is strong
The pretreatment of softwood with sulfuric acid impregnation in the production of ethanol, based on enzymatic hydrolysis, has been investigated. The parameters investigated were: H2SO4 concentration (0.5-4.4% w/w liquid), temperature (180-240 degrees C), and residence time (1-20 minutes). The combined severity (log Ro-pH) was used to combine the parameters into a single reaction ordinate. The high
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) comprises a heterogeneous group of primary immunodeficiencies, a proportion of which are due to mutations in either of the 2 recombination activating genes (RAG)-1 and -2, which mediate the process of V(D)J recombination leading to the assembly of antigen receptor genes. It is reported here that the clinical and immunologic phenotypes of patients bearing mut
Objective: To analyse the effects of socioeconomic disadvantage on access to dental care services and on oral health. Design, setting and outcomes: Cross-sectional data from the Swedish National Surveys of Public Health 2004 and 2005. Outcomes were poor oral health (self-rated oral health and symptoms of periodontal disease) and lack of access to dental care services. A socioeconomic disadvantage
User participation in the delivery and evaluation of mental health services has become an important policy element in the development of these services. An important area where user involvement could be especially useful concerns satisfaction with care, which has become considered an important indicator of service excellence. The overall aim of this study was to investigate user satisfaction with
ZnTe nanowires with an average diameter of about 30 nm and lengths above 1 mu m were grown on GaAs(100) substrate by molecular beam epitaxy. The growth process was based on the Au-catalyzed vapor-liquid-solid mechanism. A thin gold layer (3-20 angstrom thick) annealed in high vacuum prior to the nanowire growth was used as a source of catalytic nanoparticles. The nanowires are inclined about 55 de
The anterior pituitary-derived hormone prolactin (PRL) signals through the PRL receptor (PRLR) and is important for female reproductive function in mammals. In contrast to the extensive studies of PRLR expression and regulation in human and mouse ovary and uterus, the mechanisms controlling the regulation of PRLR isoform expression in the fallopian tube are poorly understood. Because dynamic inter
Traits that influence social interactions (signals) are widely thought to be honest indicators of some underlying quality of their bearer. One hypothesis is that a signal and the bearer's immunocompetence are linked via a condition-dependent pathway. We tested this idea by measuring the effect of specific dietary components on the development of a melanin-based plumage signal and the production of
