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This chapter discusses the development of the ne bis in idem principle and assesses whether its judicial interpretation and application in the last years can be said to constitute a revolution for the enforcement of EU competition law. The analysis is divided into pre- and post-DMA litigation, starting from the creation of the principle of ne bis in idem in the interaction between the CJEU and ECt
This chapter discusses Article 114 TFEU as the choice of legal basis in the Digital Single Market. It argues that the EU’s competence in the internal market has developed into a default option for harmonising measures in digitalisation, exacerbated by the Union’s new regulatory approach. With particular reference to the area of competition law and the recently introduced Digital Markets Act, Artic
This paper discusses the role of fundamental rights in the EU’s legislation on digitalisation, with a particular focus on the proposed Digital Services Act (DSA) and the Digital Markets Act (DMA). As the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights is receiving an increasingly prominent role in regulating the digital sphere in order to rectify the increasing challenges of a ‘wild West’ internet, the constitut
Attempts to measure social mobility before the twentieth century are frequently hampered by limited data. In this paper, we use a new source – annual, matched tax censuses over more than 70 years – to calculate intragenerational income mobility within a preindustrial, settler society, the Dutch and British Cape Colony at the southern tip of Africa. Our unique source allows us to measure income mob
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been widely used in both military and civilian applications, where a stable communication link is vital for safe flight control and robust data transmission. To develop a reliable UAV communication system, it is necessary to deeply understand the UAV channel characteristics and establish accurate channel models. Channel sounding is the most effective way to obt
At a retirement it is natural to have the past in front of you, in particular as a historian. But contrary to what we normally think – that we have the past behind us and the future in front of us – all of us in reality look at the future through the past. What we see is not what will happen but what has happened, and, moreover, as interpreted by our experiences of what has happened earlier. The p
The joint actions of animals in partnerships or social groups evolve under both natural selection from the wider environment and social selection imposed by other members of the pair or group. We used experimental evolution to investigate how jointly expressed actions evolve upon exposure to a new environmental challenge. Our work focused on the evolution of carrion nest preparation by pairs of bu
Recent research has explored the potential of using the dynamic response of passing vehicles to conduct Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) efficiently. Various types of vehicles, including cars, vans, trucks, and even manually propelled carts, have been employed in this approach, with different configurations of exciters and receivers. A noteworthy development in this field involves the inclusion
Terrestrial vegetation is a crucial component of the Earth system, and its changes not only represent one of the most distinct aspects of climate change but also exert significant feedback within the climate system by exchanging energy, moisture, and carbon dioxide. To quantitatively and mechanistically study climate-vegetation feedback, numerical vegetation models have been developed on the theor
Sociodemographic inequalities in student achievement are a persistent concern for education systems and are increasingly recognized to be intersectional. Intersectionality considers the multidimensional nature of disadvantage, appreciating the interlocking social determinants which shape individual experience. Intersectional multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accura
BACKGROUND:Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a frequently diagnosed cardiovascular disorder after COVID-19 infection. POTS is characterized by the presence of excessive sinus tachycardia on standing without a fall in blood pressure (BP). We investigated the BP profile using 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring in patients with new-onset POTS after COVID-19 compared with prepandemic p
The rapid advancement of imaging technologies in pathology has ushered in an era of data-intensive diagnostic workflows, generating large volumes of data that demand sophisticated segmentation and compression techniques. Chemical imaging approaches offer an all-digital objective approach to pathological analysis, though image segmentation is required for efficient computation. Convolutional autoen
Introduction: Oats, a highly nutritious cereal known for their health benefits, contain various macromolecules of significant biological value, including abundant and highly digestible proteins. Despite their importance, oat proteins have not been extensively studied. Here, we present a complete set of the expressed globulins genes, which code for the main storage protein in oats as well as their
Non-pharmacological interventions represent the first-line treatment approach for patients with non-cardiac syncope. These interventions include reassurance of the benign nature of syncope, education about triggers and strategies to avoid them, early recognition of prodromal symptoms, and lifestyle measures to counteract blood pressure falls. Adequate water intake is recommended to avoid hypovolem
We provide an outline of the proof of the Donovan–Wemyss Conjecture in the context of the Homological Minimal Model Program for threefolds. The proof relies on results of August, of Hua and the second-named author, Wemyss, and on the Derived Auslander–Iyama Correspondence—a recent result by the first- and third-named authors.
Men outnumber women as military drone operators, both in media narratives and in reality, as prominent Western militaries such as the US and the UK have far more men than women in their ranks. In recent years, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has brought newfound attention to the use of drone warfare; specifically, how the media overwhelming spotlights male drone operators. However, portrayals of wome
Background and purpose — First-line treatment (education, exercise) for patients with hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA) aims to reduce pain and improve function. We aimed to compare progression to joint replacement within 5 years between responders and non-responders to first-line treatment for hip and knee OA, respectively. Methods — This observational study included data for 30,524 knee OA and 13
Increased global migration to welfare states puts pressure on successful integration. Successful integration is broadly associated with entry into the labour market. Therefore, integration is measured through employment. Attempts to increase migrant involvement in the labour market are often made by street-level organisations, where interactions between individuals from the private and/or public s
We argue that we should be sceptical towards the claim that there is such a thing as the standing to blame someone privately, understood in terms of holding the attitude of blame. Key features of the idea about standing to blame do not apply to private blame. For example, we argue that private blame is not the exercise of some normative power, and it is not even pro tanto wrong for a hypocrite to
