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Isotropic chiral media can be modeled in several ways. We show that when realizing such a medium from spiral inclusions with real permittivities and permeabilities in a periodic structure, a modified Drude-Born-Fedorov model is obtained. This model equals the original Born model for small wave vectors, but the strength of the chirality depends on the propagation direction. The effective parameters
Self-adaptation enables software to execute successfully in dynamic, unpredictable, and uncertain environments. Control theory provides a broad set of mathematically grounded techniques for adapting the behavior of dynamic systems. While it has been applied to specific software control problems, it has proved difficult to define methodologies allowing non-experts to systematically apply control te
In the future, both rising sea water level and higher precipitation are expected due to climate change. Gothenburg is one of the cities in Sweden most affected by flooding in urban areas. Flooding is caused by very high sea level, but also as a consequence of heavy rainfall over the city. It is unknown whether high sea level or heavy rainfall is the most important reason for flooding, or if the co
Scattering not only broadens the width of the optical transition between two levels but can enable optical gain and absorption to coexist — a fact that is unambiguously demonstrated by the observation of 'Bloch gain' in a quantum cascade laser.
Heat release in the end-gas prior to autoignition was investigated using different experimental methods including transducers for heat flux and pressure as well as rotational coherent anti-Stokes-Raman spectroscopy, which is a laser-based method for non-intrusive instantaneous thermometry of the gas. The time history was examined in the cases of mixtures of various stoichio-metries, where some wer
The high time resolution of ultra-wideband (UWB) signals results in a large number of multipath components (MPCs) arriving at the receiver, which presents a source of diversity. In addition to this multipath diversity, there is also repetition diversity inherent in impulse radio (IR) UWB systems, since a number of pulses are transmitted for each information symbol. In order to make optimal use of
In this work, we report an original experimental approach for measuring the two-dimensional distribution of the droplets Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) using the SLIPI-LIF/Mie technique. A hollow-cone spray is formed by continuously injecting water mixed with a non-toxic fluorescing dye at 20 bars injection pressure. The spray is illuminated using a continuous wave laser. The illumination wavelength (
