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In the international legal literature, it is commonplace to talk about the law of state responsibility as secondary rules of law. The terminology emphasises that in some way or another the law of state responsibility is different from other rules of the international legal system – what international legal scholars refer to as primary rules of law. The present essay inquires into the soundness of

The paper argues that the European Court of Justice has, on the strength of its perceived mandate to uphold the four freedoms, created a jurisprudential ground for intervention even in areas where the member states nominally retain full sovereignty, and where the right of veto in the Council is the explicit norm. This means that the Court has, of its own accord, adopted an integrative role which h

Popular Abstract in English The cell is the basic unit in all organisms. The molecular machinery in cells converts the energy in sunlight or food into a form of energy that the cell can use for physiological processes in the organism. In humans, this molecular machinery is located in the mitochondria; therefore they are often called the power plants of the cell. The molecular machines are actuallyNADH:quinone oxidoreductase, or complex I, is a large membrane bound enzyme in the respiratory chain of living organisms, that has evolved from the combination of smaller functional building blocks. The enzyme has a conserved core structure, comprising 14 protein subunits: Seven subunits protrude from the membrane and contain a flavin and eight iron-sulfur clusters. The remaining seven subunits in

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We reconsider the minimum/optimal bit-error probability receiver (OBER) for intersymbol interference channels with Gaussian noise and the reception of finite b1oc:ks of bits. We view the OBER as a function with two inputs: the received sequence and an expected signalto- noise ratio; and one output: the estimated block of bits. Assuming that all sequences are equally probable to be t.ransmitted we

This report analyzes causes for the decline in applications to Lund University by focusing on how incoming students make decisions about whether to attend university and what to study. Some young people (both before and during university studies) consider the university to be a place for personal development, while others see it only as a place to learn skills for getting a job. These two views re

Popular Abstract in Swedish I luftvägarna finns ett sekret, "mukus" eller "slem", som tillsammans med flimmerhårens rörelser förhindrar skadliga ämnen att nå lungorna. Denna sk mukociliära transportmekanism är av yttersta vikt för vår hälsa och överproduktion av mukus tillsammans med försämrad mukociliär transport kan innebära fara för livet. Mukus innehåller till största delen vatten (95-99%) menMucus glycoproteins (mucins) are the principal constituents of respiratory secretions in health and disease. The increased 'acidity' of mucin producing cells in the bronchitic airways is not reflected in a change of negative charge of bronchitic mucins. Furthermore, the size and macromolecular properties of mucins from chronic bronchitic sputa do not differ significantly from those in normal airwa