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Under what conditions do firms in buyer-supplier relationships learn to contract? Contract design capabilities are typically understood as a function of the contractual problems faced by firms. However, a firms’ learning to contract is also likely affected by the organizational and institutional conditions in which contracts are entered. Based on five inductive case studies of buyer-supplier relat
BACKGROUND: Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a common cardiovascular autonomic disorder characterized by excessive heart rate (HR) increase on standing and symptoms of orthostatic intolerance, posing significant limitations on functional capacity. No objective tool exists to classify symptom burden in POTS.METHODS: We conducted a case-control study in 62 POTS patients and 50 hea
Objectives: To examine potential sex differences in longitudinal cognitive and activities of daily living (ADL) performance and life expectancy between early- and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: The Swedish Alzheimer Treatment Study is a prospective, observational, multicentre study that was used in a routine clinical setting including 1,017 patients diagnosed with mild-to-moderate A
The lifetimes of the terms 3p2P, 3d2D, 4s2S, 4p2P, 4d2D, 4f2F, 5g2G, 6g2G, 6h2H, 7h2H, 7i2I and 8k2K in sodiumlike sulfur, S VI, have been determined using the beam-foil excitation technique. Most of the decay curves were analyzed by means of the ANDC method which corrects for cascading in a very detailed way. Accurate results were thereby obtained which show that an excellent agreement exists bet
The spectrum emitted from a nickel hollow cathode has been recorded with a Fourier transform spectrometer. Two dense groups of lines just above 18 000 Å have been identified as the transitions 3d8 (3F)5f-3d8 (3F)6g and 3d8 (3F)5g-3d8 (3F)6h in Ni II. The level structure of the configurations involved in these transitions has been studied by fitting the Slater parameters of the energy matrices to t
Direct neuronal reprogramming of a somatic cell into therapeutic neurons, without a transient pluripotent state, provides new promise for the large number of individuals afflicted by neurodegenerative diseases or brain injury. This approach could be potentially applied directly in the brain by targeting resident cells as a source of new neurons. Direct neuronal conversion of resident glial cells i
Interviews where photographs taken by the respondent are used in order to stimulate the conversation and to gain rich empirical material are increasingly employed by researchers. The ubiquitous use of mobile cameras and digital platforms such as Instagram has made it easier for the researcher as well as for the interviewees to take and share photographs. The limitations of participatory visual metInterviews where photographs taken by the respondent are used in order to stimulate the conversation and to gain rich empirical material are increasingly employed by researchers. The ubiquitous use of mobile cameras and digital platforms such as Instagram has made it easier for the researcher as well as for the interviewees to take and share photographs. The limitations of participatory visual met
As legislators and platforms tackle the challenge of suppressing hate speech online, questions about its definition remain unresolved. In this review we discuss three issues: What are the main challenges encountered when defining hate speech? What alternatives are there for the definition of hate speech? What is the relationship between the nature and scope of the definition and its operationabili
Methane was studied with mid-infrared polarization spectroscopy (PS) in an atmospheric gas jet. Detection limit was investigated and laser induced fluorescence and PS spectra for the P, Q, and R branch are presented.
Curved crystals are a simple but powerful approach to bridge the gap between single crystal surfaces and nanoparticle catalysts, by allowing a rational assessment of the role of active step sites in gas-surface reactions. Using a curved Rh(111) crystal, here, we investigate the effect of A-type (square geometry) and B-type (triangular geometry) atomic packing of steps on the catalytic CO oxidation
Two-dimensional laser-induced photofragmentation fluorescence (LIPF) was employed to quantitatively visualize the potassium hydroxide (KOH) and potassium chloride (KCl) vapor in the plume above burning wood and straw pellets. In the LIPF measurement, two excitation lasers at 266 and 193 nm were adopted to discriminate KOH and KCl. Meanwhile, tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS), las
Visualization of the reaction zone of flames using CH radicals as markers is restricted by the low concentration of CH in fuel-lean conditions. To address this, methyl radicals (CH3) are employed as a substitution of CH in premixed methane/air flames. A pump-probe method was adopted with the pump laser photolyzing CH3 and the probe laser detecting the photolyzed CH(X25) fragments. Laser excitation
Ignition has a significant impact on combustion efficiency and combustion emissions. Long-gap spark discharge ignition can increase the initial flame kernel and reduce the flame propagation time. However, long-gap spark discharge ignition requires increased discharge voltage and suffers from the fluctuation in ignition time and position. Here, we propose a long-gap ignition technique using femtose
Background: The prescribed radiation dose to patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is standardized, even if the prognosis for individual patients may differ. Easy-at-hand pre-treatment risk stratification methods are valuable to individualize therapy. In the current study we assessed the prognostic impact of primary tumor volume for p16-positive and p16-negative tumors and in
This work concerns the spectroscopic properties of micro- and nanoscale LuPO4:Pr3+ and microscale YPO4:Pr3+ upon excitation by VUV synchrotron radiation at a wide range of energies (5–45 eV) and two different temperatures (7 and 300 K). Both Pr3+ doped host materials show more intense UV-C emission than other Pr3+ phosphors studied earlier at FinEstBeAMS beamline under the same measurement conditi
A combined anaerobic–aerobic (CAO) system is a feasible animal wastewater treatment approach, and one of the prerequisites for its sustainable application is to realise energy self-sufficiency. Here, we built an energy balance model to calculate the probability of achieving energy self-sufficiency in three CAO systems with multiple uncertainties through Monte Carlo simulation. Upon comparison with
BACKGROUND: Adolescents are reporting increasing symptoms of anxiety, depression and somatization and an increase in perceived stress is a plausible explanation. The first aim of this study was to examine the occurrence of perceived stress and health outcomes in adolescents, and to evaluate if there are any sex differences. The second aim was to investigate if there is an association between perce
