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Background: Cranial irradiation is a common therapy for the treatment of brain tumors, but unfortunately patients suffer from side effects, particularly cognitive impairment, caused by neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory mechanisms. Finding a therapeutic agent protecting hippocampal neurons would be beneficial. Fingolimod (FTY720), a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator approved for mult
Environmental triggers acting at the intestinal barrier are thought to contribute to the initiation of autoimmune disorders. The transforming growth factor beta inhibitor Smad7 determines the phenotype of CD4+ T cells. We hypothesized that Smad7 in intestinal CD4+ T cells controls initiation of opticospinal encephalomyelitis (OSE), a murine model of multiple sclerosis (MS), depending on the presen
Objective: Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) exerts immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects in the animal model of experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) in the Lewis rat. DMF has been shown to modulate gut microbiota in veterinary medicine, however the effects of oral DMF on the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) remain unknown. Methods: Lewis rats were treated orally twice daily with DMF up to day
Background: Most multiple sclerosis (MS) patients succumb to a progressive phenotype. Continued lymphocyte activity in the brain, microglia-mediated injury, iron deposition, and oxidative stress are characteristics of progressive MS. Objective: As minocycline and hydroxychloroquine have been shown to inhibit microglia, we evaluated their effects on other outcomes relevant for progression. Methods:
In acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), steroid resistance and hypovitaminosis D are both associated with a poor prognosis. We show that methylprednisolone, calcitriol and the AKT-inhibitor MK-2206 have a synergistic effect on the apoptosis of steroid resistant T-ALL cells. Compared to methylprednisolone monotherapy, calcitriol increases methylprednisolone induced apoptosis dose-dependently (1.37–1
Objective: To evaluate (1) the frequency of aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-ab)-seropositive cases among patients treated with natalizumab (NAT) and previously diagnosed with MS (MSNAT) in a nationwide cohort, (2) the clinical course of NAT-treated AQP4-ab-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) patients (NMONAT), (3) AQP4-ab titers in NMONAT and AQP4-ab-seropositive NMOSD treated w
Although transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has been shown to positively regulate the development of murine T helper type 17 (Th17) cells, which of the intracellular signaling pathways are involved is controversial. We examined Smad-dependent and -independent signaling molecules downstream of the TGF-β receptor (TGFβR) involved in Th17 differentiation of naive murine CD4+ CD62L+ T cells. During
Cellulosa är den vanligaste biopolymeren på jorden och en viktig reservoar av organiskt kol i terrestra ekosystem. I skogar kommer mycket av denna cellulosa från trä och bryts ner av saprotrofa basidiomyceter. Dessa svampar klassificeras traditionellt som vitröta eller brunröta baserat på deras sönderfallsmekanismer i lignocellulosasubstrat. Huruvida dessa funktionella kategorier förblir distinktaCellulose is the most abundant biopolymer on Earth and a major reservoir of organic carbon in terrestrial ecosystems. In forests, much of this cellulose originates from wood and is decomposed by saprotrophic basidiomycetes. These fungi are traditionally classified as white rot or brown rot species based on their decay mechanisms in lignocellulosic substrates. Whether these functional categories re
Postmortem MRI allows brain anatomy to be examined at high resolution and to link pathology measures with morphometric measurements. However, automated segmentation methods for brain mapping in postmortem MRI are not well developed, primarily due to limited availability of labeled datasets, and heterogeneity in scanner hardware and acquisition protocols. In this work, we present a high-resolution
Introduction. The fifth edition of the Transatlantic Orthopedic Surgery Webinar 2023 occurred on December 4, 2023. The webinar’s main topic was treating equino-plano-valgus foot in children with cerebral palsy (CP). The event included speakers from Austria, Australia, China, India, Canada, Germany, Poland, Sweden, Turkey, the USA and the UK. Results. The first general session presented epidemiolog
Radicalization is most often seen as a gradual process that may or may not lead to radical or extreme behaviors such as terrorism. Theories on the radicalization process often highlight the potential role of social exclusion in the propensity for radicalization. We here present some of the major radicalization theories and discuss exclusion as a common denominator that could trigger a radicalizati
Despite international commitments to phase out fossil fuel subsidies, OECD countries exhibit substantial variation in subsidy levels. This study examines how governing party preferences and institutional context jointly shape subsidy policy across 28 OECD countries from 2010 to 2022. Integrating party manifesto data with fossil fuel subsidy levels in cabinet-year panels, the analysis reveals condi
High fidelity fluid simulations have important applications in science and engineering, examples include numerical weather prediction and simulation aided design. Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods are promising high order discretizations for simulating unsteady compressible fluid flow in three dimensions. Systems arising from such discretizations are often stiff and require implicit time integra
This study explores structural modifications for reducing train-induced vibrations in timber buildings by modifying the building layout. A parameter study was conducted using a semi-analytical ground model coupled with a finite element structural model. The train load was modeled as a stationary oscillating point load of unit magnitude, applied on the ground surface. The analyzed frequency range,
Introduction: Psychological pain is a central risk factor for suicidal behaviour. Nonverbal synchrony between patients and therapists has been shown to facilitate the development of therapeutic alliance, which in turn is linked to symptom reduction. Building on these associations, the present study investigated whether movement synchrony in suicide-specific therapy exceeds random synchrony and whe
