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Some young foreign/second language (L2) learners of English hardly know a single English word when starting school instruction. Others know many thanks to extensive English use outside of school, extramural English (EE). By investigating young L2 learners’ vocabulary knowledge at the onset of formal instruction, we can explore what roles EE may have for incidental learning prior to instruction. To

BACKGROUND: Sub-Saharan Africa is facing a dietary transition with both undernutrition and rising rates of non-communicable diseases. Adopting the reference diet proposed by the EAT-Lancet Commission can reduce both the environmental burden and improve health outcomes. However, whether this diet provides micronutrient adequacy in older adults in low-income settings has not been investigated. This

Bladder cancer is the ninth most common type of cancer globally, and the projected number of deaths is estimated to almost double by the year 2040. Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors has revolutionized treatment of bladder cancer and can achieve durable responses; however, only a minority of patients respond. By identifying additional targets and treatment combinations, more patients could b

The currant bud moth, Euhyponomeutoides albithoracellus, the currant shoot borer, Lampronia capitella and the currant clearwing, Synanthedon tipuliformis, are destructive pests on currants in the Nordic countries, but detailed information about their relative abundance in commercial crop fields is lacking. We used pheromone-baited monitoring traps to analyse the presence and flight period of the t

This paper investigates how regional development policy can combine directionality in addressing societal challenges with subsidiarity, emphasising local participation and engagement. We revisit the theoretical foundations of the ‘entrepreneurial discovery process’ as the main mechanism for local engagement in current European Union regional policy frameworks. In its place, we propose an alternati

In the coming decades, the twin energy and digital transitions will require the rapid scaling and deployment of renewable energy technologies and advanced technologies within ‘critical raw materials’ (CRMs) are essential components. At the same time, as CRM reserves are heterogeneously distributed, concentrated in a few countries with refining in even fewer still, demand is expected to outstrip su

Harmful algal blooms pose a threat to public health and the economy, affecting tourism, fisheries, and aquaculture. Complex environmental factors influence their occurrence, but current forecasting models often overlook the role of grazers. Chemical cues released by zooplankton, copepodamides, can trigger the production of toxins in harmful algae. Therefore, their presence in bivalves may enhance

Migration does have a time, energy or mortality cost, and the strategy to minimise the costs shapes the migration behaviour. Depending on the relative influence of these costs in shaping the migration, an animal is expected to undertake these journeys in different ways, depending on their morphology and migration ecology. I investigated if five Tringa-type waders minimise their migration time, and

Purpose: Statin use has been consistently associated with improved clinical outcomes (especially recurrence) in breast cancer in multiple observational studies backed by compelling preclinical evidence. The strength of this evidence warrants a clinical trial to test the efficacy of statin exposure on breast cancer recurrence. Patients and Methods: The double-blind, phase III, randomized, placebo-c

Left atrial reservoir strain (LASr) offers diagnostic and prognostic value in patients with heart failure. However, LASr may be technically challenging and is not available to all clinical echocardiographers. Since LASr is a consequence of left atrial (LA) stretch during apical descent of the mitral annulus, we hypothesized that a ratio between mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) and L

Background: Despite the efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in reducing mortality and severe cases of COVID-19, a proportion of survivors experience long-term symptoms, known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). This study investigates the long-term immunological and neurodegenerative effects associated with extracellular vesicles (EVs) in COVID-19 survivors, 15 months after SARS-CoV

Introduction: Population-based registers provide an important source of real-world data. The growing number of large cohort studies using data from cancer registers makes validation of such registers important. The Swedish Quality Register of Gynecologic Cancer (SQRGC) is a nationwide population-based register containing data on patient and tumor characteristics, treatment, and follow-up. To ensur

The construction industry has a great impact on the environment but there is a great potential for improvements. In the era of climate change, sustainable construction methods and ecological solutions are required to improve energyefficiency, and to decrease the environmental impact of housing development. Circular Economy is considered a feasible solution to global sustainability issues and relat

Conventional Quality of Service(QoS) measurements are incapable to meet the demand for analysing communication performance on timeliness of information in Industrial Control Networks with many connected subsystems. The Age of Information (AoI) and the Age of Actuation (AoA) give a promise to be a solution. Many recent research articles cover theoretical aspects and analyse performance characterist

In the ocean, carbon export is driven by the biological carbon pump where organic matter is transported from the surface layer to the deep sea. The sinking particulate organic matter is mainly a product of phytoplankton aggregates and faecal pellets from zooplankton & fish, together also known as “marine snow”. Marine snow is continuously being degraded by microbial and zooplankton activities