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The gut microbiota is associated with human health and disease. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study of host genetic factors influencing gut microbiota composition in 12,652 individuals from the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT), with replication in Nordic cohorts (n = 16,017–21,976). We identified 12 reproducible SNP–species associations across six genomic loci, including known (LCT, ABO
Objective: Clinical autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), presenting as either hypo- or hyperthyroidism, can occur at any age. Autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase or thyroglobulin precede the onset of clinical AITD. We aimed to assess factors associated with AITD in children and determine if risk factors for AITD differ among the subset who have developed thyroid autoantibodies. Design: Prospec
Plesiosaurs are secondarily aquatic reptiles with a fossil record extending over 140 million years, and their fossilised remains have been found in sediments deposited in both warm, equatorial waters and cold, high-latitude environments. They are usually portrayed as a snake threaded through the body of a sea turtle. However, due to a general absence of preserved soft tissues, reconstructing the l
Importance Identifying early proteomic profiles in infants who develop severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) may reveal targets for preventive interventions to reduce retinal vessel loss and the subsequent risk of severe ROP. Objective To assess early longitudinal profiles of blood protein levels in preterm infants with or without severe ROP and the effect of arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexa
Recent years have seen a surge of interest in exceptional points in open quantum systems. The natural approach in this area has been the use of Markovian master equations. While the resulting Liouvillian EPs have been seen in a variety of systems and have been associated to numerous exotic effects, it is an open question whether such degeneracies and their peculiarities can persist beyond the vali
The aerodynamic effects of ice accretion on wind turbine blades has been studied using numerical methods. The ice accretion process on an aerofoil was simulated using RANS based simulations. The aerodynamic performance of the iced aerofoil was then investigated using several turbulence models, including both LES and DES. Aeroacoustic simulations using the Curle analogy were also performed. The res
We consider a generalization of the forest fire model on ℤ+ with ignition at zero only, studied by Volkov (2009 ALEA 6, 399–414). Unlike that model, we allow delays in the spread of the fires and the non-zero burning time of individual ‘trees’. We obtain some general properties for this model, which cover, among others, the phenomenon of an ‘infinite fire’, not present in the original model.
Take Home Message Using Germany as a case example, a comparison between organized mammography screening and contemporary, risk-adapted screening for prostate cancer suggests that prostate-specific antigen–based early detection with incorporation of magnetic resonance imaging and active surveillance can achieve benefits comparable to those of mammography while addressing previous concerns about ove
Objective: Increasing survival probabilities among children and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have led to a growing population at risk for long-term neurocognitive sequelae. This study investigated cognitive functioning among individuals treated for ALL under the Nordic Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology ALL2008 protocol in Eastern Denmark, including performance
Recent research regarding internationalized higher education has recognized that although English is commonly used as the medium of instruction, students and teachers are highly multilingual. While there have been calls to transcend the limitations of being English-centric, the need to reconceptualize assessment practices to cater to the needs of multilingual learners has received much less attent
Can two items both be neutral in value yet differ in rank? I argue that they can, with significant implications: not everything neutral should be treated equally. This challenges the widespread assumption that neutral value marks a point of evaluative equivalence. I defend the intuitive case for neutral hierarchies through examples from aesthetics and welfare, then show that both major accounts of
This book examines how Gustav Radbruch, H. L. A. Hart, and Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde each addressed the question of the end of law, its function, and its normative foundation within the context of the modern legal and political order. Through a politico-theological reading, it highlights the tension between legal validity and moral legitimacy, as well as the extent to which law can maintain publi
This study evaluated the adaptation of relapse prevention treatment, originally for substance use, to address problematic gaming in children and adolescents. The goal was to understand the feasibility of this treatment in child and adolescent mental health services from the clinicians’ perspective. Six clinicians, four women and two men aged 37–47 with 4–20 years of work experience, were interview
Objective: Prior to in vitro fertilization (IVF), physicians can choose either recombinant or urine-derived follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) for ovarian stimulation. The common polymorphism N680S (rs6166) in the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) has been linked to individual variability in ovarian response to FSH stimulation and IVF outcomes, including live birth rates, highlighting i
This paper explores animal husbandry practices in the South Scandinavian Neolithic (c. 4000–1700 cal. BCE) and Bronze Age (c. 1700–500 cal. BCE) through a meta-analysis of 86 zooarchaeological assemblages from the Malmö region in southwestern Sweden. Quantitative data based on the number of identified specimens (NISP) have been compiled and are discussed against other lines of archaeological evide
Focus is a core component of information structure that highlights the most prominent element in a sentence. While pitch and duration are well-established prosodic markers of focus in Mandarin Chinese, the role of word length has received less attention. Due to historical developments, many Mandarin words exhibit elastic length, appearing in both monosyllabic and disyllabic forms. In modern Chines
The search for predictors of plant diversity has challenged scientists for decades. Here we identify intense photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) as a major factor constraining plant species richness in global grasslands. We show that the strength of the negative relationship between species richness and PAR increases with increasing elevation and that species richness is more strongly correl
