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As rural-urban migration persists and population concentrates into urban areas, rural municipalities are increasingly struggling with population decline. Using longitudinal data from Statistics Finland, this thesis aims to investigate what municipal characteristics have contributed to net migration rates in 292 Finnish municipalities between 1995 and 2024 by conducting year fixed effects and two-w
This thesis analyses motivational patterns, socio-demographic characteristics, and institutional participation among individuals aged 60 and over attending organised physical activity services in Montevideo, Uruguay. Using original survey data collected across public and private institutions located in socio-economically differentiated municipalities, the study examines how motivations for physica
Carbon pricing is one of the most widely advocated climate policy instruments, but persistent political resistance has been created by its regressive distributional impact. Per-capita climate dividends, whereby carbon-pricing revenue is returned to households on an equal per-capita basis, have been proposed as a way of reconciling effective carbon pricing with distributive fairness. Germany has co
Multidimensional poverty and water insecurity represent critical, intersecting development challenges in Kenya. While physical water scarcity is shaped by climate variability, local water resource endowments, and geographic conditions, the households' ability to access safe water depends heavily on infrastructure and socioeconomic resources, a distinction captured by the Water Poverty Index (W
This study examines how population ageing influences tax revenues in OECD countries from 1965 to 2024. Tax revenues are expressed as a percentage of GDP to assess whether economic growth alone could ensure fiscal sustainability under population ageing. A two‑way fixed‑effects (TWFE) model is employed to control for unobserved heterogeneity across countries and years. On average across OECD countri
Fertility in the United States has been quite heterogenous based on race and socioeconomic status but overall maintaining relatively high levels until recently. This thesis explores how complications during pregnancy and childbirth relate to the fertility intentions of women who are partnered to have a second child, while considering racial and socioeconomic differences. I use linear probability m
The long-standing problem of domestic violence in South and Southeast Asia, and the fact that most victims are women, may be due to the emphasis on male dominance and the deep-rooted traditional gender roles. Previous studies have found that domestic violence can have many negative effects on the physical and mental health of women and their children. Attitudes towards domestic violence are relate
This thesis examines the relationship between spatial accessibility, institutional delivery and timely initiation of breastfeeding in Nigeria, Ghana, Tanzania and Zambia. It uses recent DHS data combined with OpenStreetMap data on health facilities and roads to construct spatial accessibility measures, including distance to the nearest health facility, distance to major roads and combined accessib
Digital games make failure unusually visible through explicit and repeatable setbacks. Yet procedural clarity does not determine its meaning for players, and another attempt does not ensure learning or persistence. This thesis explores how players of the Dark Souls series interpret repeated failure and through what mediated processes they decide to retry, adjust, seek assistance, pause, return or
This thesis investigates the framing of extrajudicial "crossfire" killings in English-language Bangladeshi news media by applying Robert Entman's (1993) framing theory alongside Edel and Josua's (2018) account of authoritarian legitimation. These frameworks have primarily been developed and tested on state rhetoric rather than journalistic texts. Utilizing a qualitative case-stud
With a core conviction that we should not accept a worldview that fuels ecological destruction and species extinction, this dissertation set out to find ways digital technologies create opportunities to construct alternative imaginaries. Following the assertion that meaning is made where global ideas meet local realities, this thesis employs a case study of Alveus, an animal sanctuary and virtual
This study examines how contentious knowledge surrounding the moon landing is expressed, negotiated, and organized on digital platforms. It develops “Digital Claims” as a potential meso-level analytical framework for examining how meanings, interactions, and visibility become observable and accumulative in digital spaces. Moving beyond approaches centered on users’ beliefs, intentions, or undiffer
Abstract Independent European feature films are financed project by project from many sources at once, each with its own conditions, payment schedule and claim on the film. This thesis asks how Plattform Produktion, an independent Swedish production company, should structure the financing of a film project so that the liquidity and budget it obtains are not bought at an unacceptable cost in retain
Detta examensarbete undersöker potentialen hos alternativa livmaterial för träbaserade lättbalkar med avseende på både klimatpåverkan och bärförmåga. Studien syftar till att utvärdera om traditionella livmaterial, såsom OSB, kan ersättas av alternativa skivmaterial för att minska klimatavtrycket medan tillräcklig bärförmåga bibehålls. Arbetet kombinerar analytiska beräkningar med experimentella lThis thesis investigates the potential of alternative web materials for engineered wood I-joists with respect to both climate impact and load-bearing capacity. The study aims to evaluate whether traditional web materials, such as OSB, can be replaced by alternative panel materials in order to reduce climate impact while maintaining sufficient structural integrity. The work combines analytical cal
Inflows of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) are increasingly determined not only by macroeconomic factors but also by institutional and political variables. This study examines how political rights affect FDI inflows in sub-Saharan Africa, utilising a fixed-effects panel regression that covers 38 countries between 1990 and 2019. Political rights are measured using a multidimensional index from the
This thesis examines the relationship between protection awareness exposure and reported gender-based violence (GBV) in Rohingya refugee camps in Bangladesh between 2023 and 2025. Using a balanced camp-level panel dataset covering 10 camps over 36 months, the study applies fixed-effects regression models to estimate within-camp associations. The results show a consistent and statistically signific
This study investigates the persistent impact of child marriage on the educational attainment of Brazilian women born between 1930 and 1999. Drawing on microdata from the 2019 National Health Survey (PNS) conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), the research employs a quantitative analysis using logit models. Although overall access to education in Brazil has signif
This thesis examines the coexistence of continued structural change toward more knowledge- and intangible-intensive economic activity with the simultaneous slowdown in labour productivity growth across advanced European economies since the early 2000s. Using Sweden and four comparable European economies over 1995-2021, the thesis investigates three sectoral mechanisms linking the knowledge-economy
This thesis asks whether the increase in weight of housing costs on disposable income impacts femicide rates in 4 major European nations, in a similar fashion to what has been recorded in the Americas, and how policies implemented during the Covid crisis have mediated these effects, given their twofold scope of restricting movement and compensating for income loss. In a fixed effects panel from 4
India’s Female Labour Force Participation started declining from 2004-05 and fell from 42.74% in 2004-05 to 19.23% in 2021-22. However, in 2022-23, after the COVID-19 Pandemic, the Female Labour Force Participation rate was recorded at 28.26%. Against these circumstances, this thesis aims to characterize the nature of women's employment after the COVID-19 Pandemic. Furthermore, this thesis use
