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Safe water supply is one of the important Millennium Goals. For development of market water supply services, the willingness of consumers to pay is essential. The consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for piped water supply using the contingent valuation (CV) method with different starting point bids was investigated for the Pavlodar Region, Kazakhstan. The results showed that households with access
Background: Topical negative pressure (TNP), widely used in wound therapy, is known to stimulate wound edge blood flow, granulation tissue formation, angiogenesis, and revascularization. We have previously shown that application of a TNP of -50 mmHg to the myocardium significantly increases microvascular blood flow in the underlying tissue. We have also shown that a myocardial TNP levels between -
The high-spin yrast states in Lu-161 are calculated in a Cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky approach keeping track of configurations and their evolution with spin. The outcome from calculations neglecting pairing and including pairing are compared. It is predicted that several yrast region configurations terminate at a very favored energy around I = 50 and that one of the observed bands is two transitions
We determine the commutant of homogeneous subrings in strongly groupoid graded rings in terms of an action on the ring induced by the grading. Thereby we generalize a classical result of Miyashita from the group graded case to the groupoid graded situation. In the end of the article we exemplify this result. To this end, we show, by an explicit construction, that given a finite groupoid G, equippe
Salinization of soil is recognised as one of the most pressing environmental challenges to resolve for the next century. We here conduct a synoptic review of the available research on how salt affects decomposer microbial communities and carbon (C) cycling in soil. After summarizing known physiological responses of microorganisms to salinity, we provide a brief overview and qualification of a sele
We pay tribute to the life and work of Margareta Ryberg (1946–2012). She was an expert on the different forms of protochlorophyll(ide), their protein partners, and their transformations in angiosperms; on the structural aspects, and the nature of prolamellar bodies, as well as on the localization of light-dependent NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxido-reductase. She was a great teacher, who also loved
Popular Abstract in Swedish Centrala venkatetrar (CVK) används främst inom intensivvården men även allt mer inom annan vård på och utanför våra sjukhus. Oftast används CVK för tillförsel av mediciner och närings-lösningar, men även för mätning av blodomloppet och för bloddialys vid njursvikt. En CVK är en decimeterlång, smal plastslang, som med hjälp av en nål och en tunn metalledare förs in mot hCentral venous catheters are mainly being used for reliable infusion of fluids and potentially irritant drugs, for haemodialysis, and for assessment of right atrial or central venous pressure (RAP/CVP). Current guidelines state that central venous catheterization should be followed-up by immediate anterior-posterior chest X-ray to confirm appropriate positioning and to detect iatrogenic pneumothor
Ideas and concepts about evaluation travel around the globe. Studies of how evaluation models are disseminated, diffused and implemented are important. In this article, we examine an organization with a history of traditions and legitimacy and a successful audit of its own and how it responds to modern concepts of administration where evaluation plays an important role. Based on an analytical fram
Den fackliga organisationsgraden är fortfarande mycket hög i Sverige. Sedan de svenska a-kasseavgifterna höjts kraftigt 2007 inträffade ett fackligt medlemsras utan motsvarighet i Sveriges moderna historia. Arbetsgivarnas organisationsgrad (definierad som andelen löntagare i företag och förvaltningar som tillhör en arbetsgivarorganisation) är numera betydligt högre än löntagarnas. Artikeln redovisUnion density still is very high in Sweden. The considerably raised fees to union unemployment funds made by the centre-right government in January 2007 have caused a fall of union density of a magnitude quite unique in modern Swedish history: from 77% in 2006 to 71% in 2008 (annual averages; full-time students working part-time excluded). In private sector union density declined from 71% in 2006
High-spin states in I-125 were populated using the reaction Se-82(Ca-48, p4n) at a beam energy of 200 MeV and gamma-ray coincidence events were acquired with the Gammasphere spectrometer. The level scheme of I-125 was extended considerably. In particular, maximally aligned states involving all eleven particles outside the Sn-114 core were observed. Comparison with cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calcul
In Swedish higher formal aesthetic education, students from ethnic minorities are significantly underrepresented. This also seems to be the case in music education for younger children. Accordingly, the relationship between music education and the ethnic diversity of the contemporary Swedish society, not reflected in the selection of students to the Swedish music and culture schools, is of vital iIn Swedish higher formal aesthetic education, students from ethnic mi-norities are significantly underrepresented. This also seems to be the case in music education for younger children. Accordingly, the relation-ship between music education and the ethnic diversity of the contem-porary Swedish society, not reflected in the selection of students to the Swedish music and culture schools, is of vita
Osteoporosis is characterized by decreased bone mineral density (BMD) leading to reduced bone strength and increased fracture risk. Several heritable components affect a bone’s ability to resist fracture, including size, structure and strength; therefore identification of the genes underlying several bone characteristics will help elucidate the pathogenesis of fracture risk. Dissection of the gene
Tight coupling between cytosolic and mitochondrial metabolism is key for GSIS (glucose-stimulated insulin secretion). In the present study we examined the regulatory contribution of PDH (pyruvate dehydrogenase) kinase 1, a negative regulator of PDH, to metabolic coupling in 832/13 clonal beta-cells. Knockdown of PDH kinase 1 with siRNA (small interfering RNA) reduced its mRNA (>80 %) and protein l
Although the athlete's heart has been of interest for over 100 years, further characterization of the athletes heart is needed in order to understand how training affects cardiac dimensions and function. Few studies have investigated the effects of training in female athletes and few have compared males and females. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to characterize the physiologically enlarged
This paper presents the development of an experimentally validated model that mechanistically comprehends the complex interaction between the gas-phase fluid dynamics, the mass transport of individual species, and the heterogeneous gas-surface reaction mechanism in a continuous cross-flow atomic layer deposition (ALD) reactor. The developed ALD gas-surface reaction mechanism, purely based on conse
