Det är vanligt att märka ut produkter med ett visst märke men gränsdragningen mellan certifiering, standardisering och märkning av produkter är inte enkel att göra. Det finns inte någon enhetlig definition av certifiering men i rättspraxis, Kommissionens riktlinjer samt i Konkurrensverkets rapport definieras certifiering som att en produkt bedöms enligt en viss förutbestämd standard och att ett inCertifying products with the purpose to better position products on the market is common. To distinguishing certification from standardization and labeling of products is difficult. There is no uniform definition of certification. According to case law, the Commission's guidelines, and the Swedish Competition Authority's report; certification is defined as a product being assessed accordin

This master’s thesis report describes the development of a new system for control and monitoring of a helium liquefaction plant which has been carried out at Kryolab, Lund University. At the plant, helium gas is purified and then cooled in several steps until it condensates. The plant is very similar to the ones constructed today, but Kryolab wished to replace the outdated control system. The new

Det här kompletterande examensarbetet är en fortsättning på ett examensarbete som utfördes av Markus Florentzson och Ingemar Pålsson vid LTH 1993. Arbetet behandlar energilager för att stabilisera elnätet vid belastning från snabbladdningsstationer för elbilar. Ett ämne som är betydligt mer aktuellt idag. Detta, nu 23 år gamla, arbete jämförs med den observerade utvecklingen inom området sedan des

This thesis investigates if it is possible to use the dynamic braking test method together with sensorless control. A literature study is conducted about different sensorless methods in order to find methods that fits the application. From the literature study are two sensorless methods implemented and simulated in Matlab Simulink. The results from the simulations shows that when using the two met

Pharmacokinetics is the study of how drugs are absorbed and distributed in the body and is used by pharmacists to ensure that they prescribe the appropriate dosage of medicine. The process used to determine the drug concentration in the body when medicine is prescribed is ADME; absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. The body is viewed as consisting of compartments between which a drug

The electrical power grid is one of modern society’s most important infrastructures and both power distributors and the Swedish government are investing large amount of resources to ensure continuous delivery of power. By predicting future outages with an automatic prediction system, the distributors could prevent long restoration times and economic loss. In this work, the authors evaluate the pos

Introduction: TH2-upstream cytokines (IL-33, IL-25 and TSLP) have emerged as key cytokines in the promotion of allergic asthma. Macrophages (Mϕs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma both in the inflammatory and resolution phases of the disease. Mϕs can acquire different phenotypes depending on their microenvironment. Our aim was to investigate the difference in expression of TH2-u

In this thesis essay I am going to study articles in two British newspapers to see if there is a connection between immigration and the Brexit referendum which took place on the 23rd of June 2016. The Brexit referendum was followed by a great media spectacle and each side campaigned to try to win over the voters. Finally, the leave side won with 52,5% against 47,5% voting to stay. I studied ten ar

2016 förlorade Yahya Jammeh -- Gambias andra president sedan självständigheten 1965 -- sitt första presidentval efter att han tog makten i en statskupp 1994. Dagen efter valet gratulerade han sin motståndare Adama Barrow till vinsten men mindre än en vecka senare tog han tillbaka sitt godkännande och meddelade att han inte tänker avgå som president. Det här resulterade i ett den västafrikanska sam

Deliberativ demokrati presenteras som en potentiell lösning på de sjukdomssymptom den västerländska representativa demokratin diagnostiserats med. Minskat valdeltagande och i förlängningen ett minskat förtroende för våra politiska institutioner menar förespråkarna för deliberativ demokrati kan botas med hjälp av samtal. Studien gällande Malmö stads arbete med medborgardialoger är normativ. Vi ut

In this article we have analysed Prime minister Stefan Löfvens speech at the memorial ceremony, which took place on the 10th of April 2017, three days after the attack on Drottninggatan in Stockholm. Our purpose was to answer the question of how the nation, as a concept, gets portrayed in a time of crisis. We have analysed specific wording and concepts used in Löfvens speech and how they depolitic

Demokratin står idag inför större hot än på mycket länge. Många länder som tidigare ansetts vara stabila demokratier, har sedan millennieskiftet upplevt alarmerande rörelser i en icke-demokratisk riktning. I denna undersökning analyserar vi sambandet mellan avdemokratiseringsprocesser och institutionella arrangemang – med fokus på hur dessa institutionella begränsningar påverkar valda politiska el

Prostitutionspolitiken i Sverige har sedan sent 1900-tal fokuserat på att kriminalisera köp av sex och att arbeta preventivt för att förhindra att människor hamnar i prostitution. På senare år har dock några av de partipolitiska ungdomsförbunden ändrat inställning och vill istället legalisera sexköp. Prostitutionspolitik är ofta kopplat till kvinnofrågor och därmed feministisk ideologi. I uppsatse

In this paper we examine the effects of the sugar tax. What makes it work? We have chosen to compare two cases where the tax has had different outcomes. In Mexico and Berkeley, the sugar tax has reduced consumption of sugar-sweetened products, but this is not the case in Denmark. To solve this task, we have used a wide range of scientific articles and statistics. We found several factors that sepa

The study quantifies EU policy influence on Sweden’s education policy. We put the concept of Europeanisation into perspective of a real-world EU policy; Europe 2020. The aim of the study is to determine to what extent the main features of the Europe 2020-policy shapes the education policies of Swedish municipalities. The main features of Europe 2020:s view on education are compared to the Swedish

During the last decades, the concept of climate refugees (or climate induced migration) have been debated in Sweden as well as globally. The debate is fragmented and the suggested solutions are many, foremost concerning different kind of preventive actions and legal protection. The issue is today mostly governed on a supranational or interstate level, but there are actors trying to impact the nati

Today's transportation system is based on the use of fossil fuels. Due to the finite amount of these resources on planet earth, these resources will eventually run out. A lot of research on electric cars has been made in recent years. Much of this research has been focused on the batteries within the car as a power source. However, with most designs so far, the vehicles must stop to recharge t

Majoritarian electoral systems are associated with lower levels of redistribution, but there is no consensus on the working mechanisms behind this. This thesis aims to provide a new explanation. We connect research on elections and individual policy preferences and develop a theory in which low levels of redistribution is explained by large shares of high income groups in the legislature in majori

This thesis is about developing, building and testing an idea by Dan Zethraeus for a conductive road system. The projects contains four different theses and my part in this is to construct the main circuit, which includ the transistors, driving circuit and connectors. For the road system to be useful it should be able to power a truck in an upward hill. For this, the road needs to be able to provi