This article addresses supranational governance of EU criminal justice agencies from the perspective of the various agencies of policy and rulemaking who have contributed to the impressive developments in the field of EU criminal law. Taking as a working hypothesis the happenstance and haphazard character of this field of policy and law, it suggests that there is an absence of design. In the discu

Background: The spread of SARS-CoV-2, originating in Wuhan, China, was classified as a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. The governments of affected countries have implemented various measures to limit the spread of the virus. The starting point of this paper is the different government approaches, in terms of promulgating new legislative regulations to limit the virus d

Sweden has in recent years witnessed increasing rates of firearm-related violence and homicide, which has contributed to increased rates of deadly violence. Attempts to profile offenders committing such crimes are of major importance, because such efforts may contribute to better preventive measures. We therefore aimed to study the characteristics of individuals convicted and/or suspected of homicid

Victims of homicide and attempted homicide are not uncommon in Sweden. We therefore aimed to study these victims to understand their injuries, their cause of death, and their relationship to the offender. All cases during five years in a district court in Sweden, where an offender had been convicted for homicide or attempted homicide, were identified and the court documents reviewed. Nineteen vict

In this study, grey cast iron disc brake rotors are refurbished by adding a surface layer through laser cladding. Current methods to deal with replaced rotors mainly include remelting, with a minority fraction disposed in landfill. Both approaches result in a huge waste of resources and an increase in CO2 footprint. From a sustainable point of view, this study aims to evaluate the feasibility of r

E-handeln är en komplex samhällsutmaning med en enorm potential att bidra till hållbar utveckling. För att fånga denna potential och transformera e-handeln till ett hållbart system krävs genomgripande systemförändring. Men vilka områden är i behov av förändring för att åstadkomma stor effekt och vilka knäckfrågor måste adresseras?E-commerce is a complex societal challenge with an enormous potential to contribute to sustainable development. In order to capture this potential and transform e-commerce into a sustainable system requires radical change. But which areas are in need of change in order to achieve a grand effect and what key issues must addressed?

We have developed a microscope with a spatial resolution of 5 μm, which can be used to image the two-dimensional surface optical reflectance (2D-SOR) of polycrystalline samples in operando conditions. Within the field of surface science, operando tools that give information about the surface structure or chemistry of a sample under realistic experimental conditions have proven to be very valuable

Det finns en förväntan om att forskare ska samverka i samförstånd med det omgivande samhället för att lösa komplexa problem. Kunskapssamverkan är dock en process som bara delvis präglas av konsensus. När aktörer från olika sfärer möts för att utveckla ny kunskap är det också viktigt att värna sin särart. I detta häfte undersöks och diskuteras hur kunskapssamverkan rotad i vetenskaplig verksamhet k

Myrosinase from Sinapis alba hydrolyzes glycosidic bonds of β-d-S-glucosides. The enzyme shows an enhanced activity in the presence of l-ascorbic acid. In this work, we employed combined quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical (QM/MM) calculations and molecular dynamics simulations to study the catalytic reaction of wild-type myrosinase and its E464A, Q187A, and Q187E mutants. Test calculation

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this study was to develop a risk model for intraoperative complication (IC) during cataract surgery, defined as posterior capsule rupture and/or zonular dehiscence, and to include previous intravitreal therapy (pIVT) in the model.METHODS: This retrospective register-based study covered patients reported to the Swedish National Cataract Register (SNCR) between 1 January

Patterns of variation and the structuring of diversity in seed phenotype and allozymes were investigated in Sweden Gypsophila fastigiata, a perennial herb with a disjunct ‘Late Glacial relict’ distribution in eastern and northern Europe. The overall patterns of variation in allozymes and seed morphology are congruent and are significantly correlated with geographic distance. However, most of the c

Petrorhagia prolifera is an annual, predominantly self‐pollinating herb with a decreasing European distribution. The present article describes a survey of variation in populations sampled from 18 sites in the province of Skåne (South Sweden) and on the Baltic islands of Öland and Gotland. Electrophoresis often enzyme systems (20 putative loci) revealed allelic variation at only two loci. A third l

Introduces an integrated automated outline handling system and compares the relative performance of shape descriptor systems based on 1) landmark and perimeter measurements, 2) chain codes, 3) elliptic Fourier coefficients, and 4) moment invariants. These methods were assessed by their ability to characterize the pattern of variation in a set of Betula leaf silhouettes with a hierarchical sample s

Reticulate and microechinate pollen forms within Silene latifolia (S. alba, S. pratensis) were first described from N. America, where the species is an introduced weed. A previous study showed that the two forms also exist in Europe and intergrade along a zone roughly congruent with intergradation zones in seed morphology and flavone glycosylation genotypes. The present survey of pollen from herba

For the perennial herb G. fastigiata on the Baltic island of Oland, there were significant correlations between electrophoretic variation at the PGI-2 locus and fine-scale gradients of compositional change in the limestone grassland plant communities occupied by G. fastigiata. Variation at the AAT-3 and IDH loci and in seed phenotype showed no significant correlations with plant community composit

Saxifraga cespitosa, S. tenuis and S. cernua were examined in the Abisko area, N Sweden. Populations of S. cespitosa were gynodioecious. Hermaphrodite individuals showed a high selfing efficiency and low pollen:ovule ratios, consistent with a lower outbreeding rate. Saxifraa tenuis was hermaphrodite with some indication of sexual asymmetry. Pollen:ovule ratios were low, but the ability to set seed

Silene latifolia (white campion) is widespread in W Eurasia and shows clinal variation in seed morphology. Two extensive parapatric races, within which seed morphology changes gradually with geographic distance, are separated by a transition zone where the morphological gradient is steeper. A sample of seeds from across the species' native range was scored for morphological characters and analysed

Infraspecific variation among European populations of Silene alba and S. dioica was analysed by non‐metric multidimensional scaling, which was applied to K‐dissimilarity matrices based either on 16 seed characters or on 34 seed, flower and capsule characters. The material used for analysis consisted of 167 collections of wild seed, largely obtained from European botanic gardens, and 97 sets of mat