The eastern European Dactylorhiza baltica (Klinge) N. I. Orlova and the western European D. pardalina (Pugsl.) Aver. (= D. praetermissa var. junialis (Verm.) Sengh) are usually considered to have non-overlapping geographic distributions, for which reason it has rarely been realized that they are morphologically similar. They have not previously been thoroughly compared by molecular methods, and no

Although Arctic tundra has been estimated to cover only 8% of the global land surface, the large and potentially labile carbon pools currently stored in tundra soils have the potential for large emissions of carbon (C) under a warming climate. These emissions as radiatively active greenhouse gases in the form of both CO2 and CH4 could amplify global warming. Given the potential sensitivity of thes

Macrophytes in shallow lakes have the potential to alter fish-zooplankton interactions considerably. How far predation effects by newly hatched fish (0+ fish) on zooplankton are influenced by different types of aquatic vegetation, and how effects change during the first weeks of fish ontogeny remains, however, less clear. In order to address these issues, we examined the predation effects of 0+ fi

In this paper, we address surgical aspects on bariatric surgery in adolescents from a nationwide Swedish study. Laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery was performed for 81 adolescents with morbid obesity (13-18 years), while 81 adolescents with obesity-matched by age, sex, and BMI received conventional care. Another comparison group was adults undergoing gastric bypass at the same institution during

In a large multicentre sample of cognitively normal subjects, as a function of age, gender and APOE genotype, we studied the frequency of abnormal cerebrospinal fluid levels of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers including: total tau, phosphorylated tau and amyloid-β1-42. Fifteen cohorts from 12 different centres with either enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays or Luminex® measurements were selected for

Background: Humans, independent on where they live, are exposed to complex and various mixtures of chemicals, including persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The variability of the exposure depends on sources of the chemicals and is influenced by e.g. geography, social and cultural heritage. While exposures to POPs are frequently studied in populations from developed industrial countries, very lit

The effects of cooling on neuromuscular function and performance during gait are not fully examined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of local cooling for 20 min in cold water at 10 C in a climate chamber also at 10 C on maximal isometric force and electromyographic (EMG) activity of the lower leg muscles. Gait ground reaction forces (GRFs) were also assessed. Sixteen healt

This paper discusses design and measurements of a flexible Viterbi decoder fabricated in 130-nm digital CMOS. Flexibility was incorporated by providing various code rates and modulation schemes to adjust to varying channel conditions. Based on previous trade-off studies, flexible building blocks were carefully designed to cause as little area penalty as possible. The chip runs down to a minimal co

The core-shell nanowires have the promise to become the future building blocks of light emitting diodes, solar cells and quantum computers. The high surface to volume ratio allows efficient elastic strain relaxation, making it possible to combine a wider range of materials into the heterostructures as compared to the traditional, planar geometry. As a result, the strain fields appear in both the c

The enzymatic activity of human carbonic anhydrase II (HCAII) was studied in the presence of nanoparticles of different nature and charge. Negatively charged nanoparticles inhibit HCAII whereas no effect is seen for positively charged particles. The kinetic effects were correlated with the strength of binding of the enzyme to the particle surface as measured by ITC and adsorption assays. Moreover,

The interaction between polyelectrolytes and counterions in confined situations and the mutual relationship between chain conformation and ion condensation is an important issue in several areas. In the biological field, it assumes particular relevance in the understanding of the packaging of nucleic acids, which is crucial in the design of gene delivery systems. In this work, a simple coarse-grai

In this study, we investigate for the first time the efficiency of an environmentally sustainable extraction technique (pressurized liquid extraction, PIE) in conjunction with a fast separation technique (ultra-high performance liquid chromatography, UHPLC) coupled to a selective mass spectrometry (MS) detector (quadrupole time-of-flight, qTOF) to extract, separate and quantify fifteen intact-gluc

Although plesiosaurs and mosasaurs co-existed for about 35 million years at the end of the Cretaceous, the fossil record documenting interactions between these two groups of marine reptiles is meagre. The discovery of deeply incised scars on a limb bone of an immature polycotylid plesiosaur from the latest early Campanian (in the European two-fold division of the Campanian Stage) of the Kristianst

In this paper, standard-cell based memories (SCMs)are proposed as an alternative to full-custom sub-VT SRAM macros for ultra-low-power systems requiring small memory blocks. The energy per memory access as well as the maximum achievable throughput in the sub-VT domain of various SCM architectures are evaluated by means of a gate-level sub-VT characterization model, building on data extracted from

HC-128 is an eSTREAM final portfolio stream cipher. Several authors have investigated its security and, in particular, distinguishing attacks have been considered. Still, no one has been able to provide a distinguisher stronger than the one presented by Wu in the original HC-128 paper. In this paper we first argue that the keystream requirement in Wu’s original attack is underestimated by a factor

Obesity is a global problem and in aspects of lethal ethanol intoxications virtually unexplored. The cause of death in ethanol intoxication is generally considered to be suppression of the respiratory function. Previous research indicates that respiratory function is more vulnerable in obese subjects than in those of normal weight. We hypothesized that lethal blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is l

Differential diagnosis of parkinsonian disorders is challenging because of overlapping symptoms, especially during early stages of disease. No validated biomarkers are available for early and accurate diagnosis of multiple system atrophy and other parkinsonian disorders. It has been reported that flt3 ligand levels in cerebrospinal fluid could clearly differentiate patients with Parkinson's diseas

Interindividual variations of immunoglobulin constant heavy G chain (IGHG) genes on chromosome 14q32.3 are identified by alternative genetic markers (GM) of IgG3, IgG1 and IgG2, respectively. They express structurally and functionally innate IgG molecules and B cells, associated with allergic disease, replicated in several studies.