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Objective: The therapies available today for multiple sclerosis (MS) reduce but do not fully control disease activity. The objective of this article is to review the definitions of and treatments for suboptimally controlled MS and highlight the challenges faced by clinicians to increase awareness of recognizing and managing patients with suboptimally controlled MS. Methods: Published literature de

Abstract Objective. Infravesical obstruction leads to growth of urinary bladder smooth-muscle cells. The ganglion cells innervating the bladder muscle also increase in size. Stretch of detrusor muscle cells rapidly activates c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK), which phosphorylates the transcription factor c-Jun, and stimulates the synthesis of the cotranscription factor ATF3. The aim of the study w

Popular Abstract in Swedish Cancer i tjock- och ändtarm drabbar årligen drygt 5000 svenskar. En rad faktorer har satts i samband med tumöruppkomst i tarmen, bl a ärftlighet, inflammatorisk tarmsjukdom, kost och motion, men det är till stor del okänt hur dessa faktorer orsakar cancerutveckling. Genetiska förändringar styr tumörutvecklingen Tumörerna utvecklas oftast från ett godartat förstadium, Colorectal cancer is one of our most common malignancies and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. About 1/3 of the tumors are located in the rectum. Treatment advances such as the introduction of the standardized surgical technique total mesorectal excision (TME), pre-operative radiotherapy, and adjuvant chemotherapy have reduced the previously high local recurrence rates and improv

Wetland creation at large, regional scales is implemented as a measure to abate the biodiversity loss in agricultural landscapes and the eutrophication of watersheds and coastal areas by non-point source nutrient pollution (mainly nitrogen). The consequences of creating many new wetlands for biodiversity conservation and nutrient retention (ecosystem functioning) in agricultural landscapes are sti

Purpose: To quantify fixation stability in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) at baseline, 3 and 6 months after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment and furthermore asses the implications of an unsteady fixation for multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) measurements. Methods: Fifty eyes of 50 nAMD patients receiving intravitreal anti-VEGF tr

BACKGROUND:The importance of supportive social relationships for psychological well-being has been previously recognized, but the direction of associations between both dimensions and how they evolve when adolescents enter adulthood have scarcely been addressed. The present study aims to examine the gender-specific associations between self-reported friendship network quality and psychological wel

The incidence of atherosclerosis is significantly increased in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Infection is one factor that may be involved in the pathogenesis of both diseases. The cause of RA and atherosclerosis is unknown, and infection is one of the factors that may be involved in the pathogenesis of both diseases. The aims of this study were to identify bacteria in the aortic adventitia of patient

The inducement of electroactive consortia was carried Out in dual-chamber MFCS using acetate-based substrate- and a protein-rich synthetic wastewater in fed-batch mode. The characteristics of these MFCs were then compared. MFCs based on acetate-induced consortia (MFCAce) achieved more than twice higher maximum power, and one half of optimal external resistance in comparison to MFCs based on consor

The goal of the present study was to elucidate what influences medical students' attitudes and interests in medical ethics. At the end of their first, fifth and last terms, 409 medical students from all six medical schools in Sweden participated in an attitude survey. The questions focused on the students' experience of good and poor role models, attitudes towards medical ethics in general and per

Popular Abstract in Swedish Enbart i Sverige drabbas tusentals personer årligen, kvinnor som män, av plötsligt cirkulationsbortfall (akut ischemi) i ett ben till följd av blodpropp i en artär. Tillståndet är akut och innebär ett direkt hot mot såväl liv som lem. Personer som drabbas är ofta äldre, och de har ofta många andra sjukdomar med sig i bagaget. För att rädda benet, och patienten, krävs aBackground: Acute ischemia of the lower limb is a vascular emergency associated with amputation and death. Patients suffering from acute limb ischemia are usually elderly, and multiple comorbidities are often present. Intra-arterial thrombolysis is, perhaps, the most important minimal-invasive treatment option available today. Although uncontrolled hemorrhage is a dreaded complication, it is consi

Popular Abstract in Swedish Mer än hälften av alla kvinnor har haft en urinvägsinfektion. Infektionen uppkommer när bakterier når urinblåsan och börjar växa. Immunförsvaret känner igen bakterierna, reagerar med en inflammation och symptom som sveda, trängningar och smärtor i nedre magtrakten uppstår. Om bakterierna klättrar upp till njurarna sprider sig inflammationen dit och orsakar ryggsmärtor oUrinary tract infections (UTIs) present an interesting and relevant model for studying microbial adaptation. After establishing significant numbers, the bacteria either cause severe disease, or an asymptomatic carrier state resembling the normal flora at other mucosal sites. Patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) are protected from re-infection if the strain that they carry outcompetes more

We tracked three juvenile and 14 adult Marsh Harriers Circus aeruginosus from southern Sweden via satellite to investigate migration strategies. Four individuals were tracked for at least two years. All three juveniles and four of the adults made west-oriented pre-migratory movements well before the onset of autumn migration, and trans-Saharan migrants visited post-migratory stopover areas in trop

The paper compares PM10 concentrations in railroad environments with EU air quality standards and characterizes particle concentrations and particle properties in relation to train traffic. The results show that PM10 concentrations in ground-level railroad environments do not exceed the EU directive 24-h limit value, while on the platforms of the two subterranean stations PM10 concentrations were

I mitt arbete undersöker jag tre personers upplevelse av vad rytmik och musikterapi är. Jag bad dem också jämföra rytmik och musikterapi för att hitta likheter och skillnader. Jag har läst om Émile Jaques-Dalcroze, som anses vara rytmikens grundare. Jag drar också paralleller till Howard Gardner och John Dewey. För att få en djupare förståelse av vad musikterapi är har jag läst bland annat Even Ru

Abstract: Before the introduction of prostate MRI, prostate cancer screening relied on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing followed by a systematic biopsy. Although this approach reduced prostate cancer mortality in large, randomized screening trials, its net benefit was questionable because of substantial overdiagnosis. In response, more precise screening tools have been developed. Diagnostic

In the latest financial crisis, risk management and forecasts of market losses played a crucial role in the area of finance. This thesis evaluates the theory of Value-at-Risk through a quantitative study of two non-parametric approaches and three parametric: Basic- and volatility-weighted Historical Simulation, Normal distribution, Log-normal distribution and Student’s t-distribution. The thesis c

Lagen (2002:599) om grupprättegång (GrL) trädde i kraft i januari 2003. Grupptalanförfarandet är intressant ur ett rättsvetenskapligt perspektiv eftersom taleformen skiljer sig mycket åt från den traditionella civilrättsliga tvåpartsprocessen i svensk rätt. Dess tillkomst är en reaktion på ändrade samhällsförhållanden och ett nytt affärsklimat som har bidragit till nya rättsliga problem. Det uppstIn January 2003, the Swedish Act (2002:599) on Group Litigations (GrL) came into force. It stipulated a possibility to initiate a Class Action in Swedish Courts. The Class Action as a litigation form is very different from the traditional civil proceedings in Swedish law. It is a reaction to changing social conditions and a new business climate that has contributed to new legal issues. During the

Bumblebees and other pollinators have recently experienced population and diversity declines linked to habitat loss and fragmentation due to land use change. A previous study in Sweden showed a big shift in bumblebee community composition, where the Bombus terrestris complex (B. terrestris, Bombus lucorum) highly increased in relative abundance, but the relative contribution of the two different s

Uppsatsen syftar till att utreda hur rättstillämpningen på S:t Barthélemy fungerade i förhållande till rättstillämpningen i Sverige. Genom en rättshistorisk metod och ett komparativt perspektiv undersöks skillnaderna och likheterna mellan de två rättssystemen. Frågan besvaras genom att närmare undersöka följande tre områden: domstolens sammansättning, lagstiftningen och rättskipningen. DomstolensThe thesis aims to investigate how the adjudication in St. Barthélemy functioned in relation to the adjudication in Sweden. The differences and similarities between the two legal systems are examined through a legal historical method and a comparative perspective. The question is answered by examining the following three areas: the composition of the court, the legislation, and the administration