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Sverige är ett av Europiska Unionens mest digitaliserade länder och det finns mycket att vinna på en fortsatt anpassning till de nya förutsättningar som digitaliseringen skapar. Tjugo år efter antagandet av det befintliga rättsliga ramverket som idag är tillämpligt på området, har EU-kommissionen, som ett led av nya och innovativa affärsmodeller presenterat ett förslag till förordning som nu har aSweden is one of the most digitalized countries in the European Union, and there is much to gain from a continuous adaptation of the advantages which digitalization creates. Twenty years after adopting the current legal framework within the area, the European Commission, led by new and innovative business models, has presented a proposal for a regulation which is now adopted (The Digital Services

The Kalix River, located in the northern part of Sweden, experiences a slowdown in water flow during cold winters. However, in spring, when snow and ice melt in the mountains, the water flow starts to increase. Towards the end of spring, there is usually a rapid and unpredictable surge in water flow known as the spring flood. The arrival of the spring flood is stochastic in time and does not occur

Återvinning av polymerer är nödvändig för hållbar livsföring och miljöförvaltning, och mekanisk återvinning har fördelen av mycket lägre energi- och materialförbruking jämfört med kemisk och fysisk återvinning. Ett framträdande problem med mekanisk återvinning är emellertid förkortningen av polymerkedjor som sker under deras livstid. Tekniken Reactive Recycling™ av Nexam Chemical innebär att återvRecycling of polymers is necessary for sustainable living and environmental stewardship, and mechanical recycling has the advantage of much lower energy and material demand compared to chemical and physical recycling. A prominent problem, however, with mechanical recycling is the shortening of polymer chains that occurs during their lifetime. The technology Reactive Recycling™ by Nexam Chemical in

This investigation concerns written output produced by Swedish learners of English as a second language (L2) and French as a third language (L3). The analysed texts were rated according to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), which is a widespread and language-independent document commonly used to assess communicative competence based on six main proficiency levels (A1,

Sverige har sedan länge ansetts vara ett land befriat från svågerpolitik och korruption. Korruption är dock ett vitt begrepp som härstammar från det latinska ordet corrumpere, vilket betyder muta. Följaktligen omfattas den straffrättsliga terminologin av givande och tagande av muta av begreppet korruption. Korruption anses vara ett medel för att otillbörligen påverka besluts- och handlingsprocesseSweden has long been considered a country free from nepotism and corruption. Corruption is however a broad term which derives from the Latin word corrumpere, meaning bribe. Consequently the criminal terminology of giving and receiving bribes comprises the concept of corruption. Corruption is a way to improperly influence the decision making and processes in a society. The damaging effects on a soc

Hemoglobin is the major oxygen-carrying system of the blood, but has many potentially dangerous side effects due to oxidation and reduction reactions of the heme-bound iron and oxygen. Extracellular hemoglobin, resulting from hemolysis or exogenous infusion, is shown to be an important pathogenic factor in a growing number of diseases. This review briefly outlines the oxidative/reductive toxic rea

The cysteine proteases are enzymes found in every kingdom of life. Clan CA is the largest of the cysteine protease clans, with members all displaying a Cys/His/Asn(Asp) catalytic triad responsible for hydrolysing the peptide bond within the substrate. To regulate the activity of the proteases, another group of proteins act as natural inhibitors (cysteine protease inhibitors) and bind to the protea

In Sweden, the tramway was introduced in the late 19th century as horse tramways. Entrepreneurs around the country saw advantages of the new mean of transport which, due to low frictional resistance could transport a large amount of passengers with low traction force. In the beginning of the 20th century the horses were replaced by electric motors and the tramway spread to more cities. The entry o

A business becoming more common in todays labour market is the one of consultants. The idea of consultants is that they come into a company as experts in order to solve a problem and when the problem is solved and the contract has expired they move on to another costumer/client. These are usually shorter persiods of time, which means that consultants are constantly looking for new assignments. The

Silk fibers offer untapped internal structures to template the formation of nano-objects and active coatings. So far, access to all or part of the internal and organized structures has been a significant challenge. The aim of the thesis is, therefore, to identify and exploit silk templating ability to create value-added multifunctional hybrid materials with enhanced conductive and catalytic proper

Background: Higher circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha receptors 1 (TNFR1) and 2 (TNFR2) are associated with increased long-term mortality and impaired kidney function. Aim: To study associations between levels of TNFR1 and TNFR2 and all-cause mortality as well as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline. Population and methods: Patients with chronic kidney disease (

The higher education system has since the 2000s changed fundamentally in Finland, Norway, and Sweden. One reason behind this is so-called managerialism as a part of NPM, which means a shift towards more managerial forms of leadership, business-oriented aspects, and neoliberal university policies. Managerialism in all the Nordic countries conflicts with decades of collegial institutional tradition.

Ongoing consumption of fossil-based fuels generates a massive amount of greenhouse gases. This may lead to global warming that is currently threatening human society and wild animal habitats. Hydrogen is an energy carrier with the highest energy content per weight compared to other all fuels and no carbon dioxide is released when combusted. Thermophilic bacteria belonging to the genus of Caldicell

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the majority of patients received ambulatory treatment, highlighting the importance of primary health care (PHC). However, there is limited knowledge regarding PHC workload in Europe during this period. The utilization of COVID-19 PHC indicators could facilitate the efficient monitoring and coordination of the pandemic response. The objective of this study

The human immunoglobulin heavy-chain (IGH) locus is exceptionally polymorphic, with high levels of allelic and structural variation. Thus, germline IGH genotypes are personal, which may influence responses to infection and vaccination. For an improved understanding of inter-individual differences in antibody responses, we isolated SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific monoclonal antibodies from convalescent h

Contemporary entrepreneurial education (EE) has global reach and impact, with a growing number of entrepreneurship courses, specializations, and degrees in all parts of the world. There is no longer a question of the significance and demand for EE in the higher education system. At the same time, the interest in scientific knowledge and proven experience of “what works” has accelerated, resulting

With the risk of climate breakdown, pressure is increasing for all sectors of the economy to break with fossil fuel dependence and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In this context, the chemical industry requires more focused attention as it uses more fossil-fuel based energy than any other industry and the production of chemicals is associated with very large emissions. Beyond the climate crisis,

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore in what way gradually increasing teachers’ theory-based instruction affects the students’ learning outcomes, illustrated by the example of learning how to regulate body tension in the upper secondary school. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 72 students from four classes participated in the study. The way the students were offered to understa