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G protein-coupled receptors are the biggest family of membrane bound receptor in the human genome, they are also target for many drugs due to their accessible location in the cell membrane. We have characterized the G protein recruitment of the succinate receptor 1 (SUCNR1/GPR91). GPR91 was deorphanized in 2004 and already then it was suggested that GPR91 could couple to the Gi-family and the Gq-f
In this study the dangers of Listeria monocytogenes presence in food and the problem it creates for general food safety is presented. The aim of this study was to highlight the importance of food safety, especially when it concerns Listeria monocytogenes. The study should also give an insight to the part that Listeria monocytogenes plays among food and the risks that follows. Furthermore, it wil
In this thesis work, a highly linear passive attenuator and mixer were designed to be used in a wide-band Transmission Observation Receiver (TOR). The TOR is a low IF receiver that accepts RF frequencies from 2GHz to 7GHz, and produces corresponding IF bandwidths of 280MHz to 990MHz respectively, using low side LO injection. The dynamic range is maximized by using passive topologies for both the a
During the 90’s intersex individuals was found among fish downstream sewage treatment plants, this was found to be due to estrogens in the water. Today we know that one of the largest contributors of the effects on fish is 17a-ethinylestradiol (EE2). EE2 is a synthetic estrogen used in contraceptive pills and is one of the most used pharmaceuticals in the world. In addition to intersex EE2 also ge
Forest ecosystems provide a wide range of services necessary for maintaining environmental health and human well-being. Ecosystem models help inform how various management strategies respond in different regions to changing climate conditions. They contribute to mitigation and adaptation policy measures and support private forest owners in deciding ideal practices to implement. The complex nature
Individualised healthcare is the future of medicine, due to the so called inter-patient variability. The inter-patient variability involves differences in the drug response between different patients. The effect of a drug can usually be divided into pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD). One way to individualise anaesthesia, may be to automate it using closed-loop control systems. This t
In order to analyse the human postural control system single-stimulus multi-response measurement experiments are made, where the body sway due to an induced disturbance on the calf muscles are recorded with force platforms, Selspot systems or EMG-equipments. The measured outputs are usually analysed one by one as for a Single-Input Single-Output system. In this study a Single-Input Multi-Output ap
The perforated patch whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique was applied to superficial glucagon-secreting alpha-cells in intact mouse pancreatic islets. alpha-cells were distinguished from the beta- and delta-cells by the presence of a large TTX-blockable Na+ current, a TEA-resistant transient K+ current sensitive to 4-AP (A-current) and the presence of two kinetically separable Ca2
BACKGROUND: Indications for implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation have expanded considerably in recent years, resulting in steadily growing numbers of ICD recipients worldwide. The aim of this study was to review the overall experience with ICDs in Iceland. METHODS: This was a retrospective single centre study set at the University Hospital in Iceland. Data on all ICD implantat
The aim of this population-based prospective study was to determine the incidence of limb fracture by site and gender in different regions of Europe. Men and women aged 50-79 years were recruited from population registers in 31 European centers. Subjects were invited to attend for an interviewer-administered questionnaire and lateral spinal radiographs. Subjects were subsequently followed up using
BACKGROUND: Data from several studies support the hypothesis that thrombopoietin (TPO) plasma levels are regulated via circulating platelet (PLT) numbers by binding to PLT TPO receptors (TPO-Rs). In this study, PLT numbers and TPO plasma levels were measured following the transfusion of unmanipulated, sham-saturated, and TPO-R-saturated PLT preparations to provide additional in vivo evidence for t
To determine the variability in fibre areas in the human vastus lateralis muscle, cross-sections (15 microns) of whole autopsied muscles from eight young men have been prepared, and the cross-sectional area (CSA) of 375 type 1 and 375 type 2 fibres has been measured in five different regions throughout each muscle. The CSA of both fibre types varied significantly within all muscle cross-sections.
Background: The acid-producing part of the rat stomach (fundus) is rich in endocrine cells, i.e. ECL cells and A-like cells. The ECL cells operate under gastrin control and manufacture histamine, the chromogranin-derived peptide pancreastatin and an unidentified peptide hormone. The A-like cells produce ghrelin, a newly discovered growth hormone-releasing hormone. Surgical removal of the entire gl
Background: There is increasing appreciation of gender differences in COPD but scant data whether risk factors for tow lung function differ in men and women. We analysed data from 3 years follow-up in 178 women and 464 men with COPD, participants in the Euroscop Study who were smokers unexposed to inhaled corticosteroids. Methods: Explanatory variables of gender, age, starting age and pack-years s
In vitro tests are commonly employed to assess nebulizer performance. Whether the square or sine waveforms employed during in vitro tests could alter the nebulizer performance compared to that observed when a patient breathes through the nebulizer is debatable. Accordingly, the aim of this in vitro study was to compare the rates of delivery from nebulizers with simulated human breathing patterns t
In this study, we present a way of controlling the formation of the two types of zeaxanthin aggregates in hydrated ethanol: J-zeaxanthin (head-to-tail aggregate, characteristic absorption band at 530 nm) and H-zeaxanthin (card-pack aggregate, characteristic absorption band at 400 run). To control whether J- or H-zeaxanthin is formed, three parameters are important: (1) pH, that is, the ability to
OBJECTIVES: To estimate the total direct medical costs to society for patients with type 2 diabetes in Sweden and to investigate how different factors, for example diabetic late complications, affect costs. DESIGN: Cross-sectional data regarding health care utilization, clinical characteristics and quality of life, were collected at a single time-point. Data on resource use cover the 6-month perio
Objective: To examine and compare the adult outcome in a representative sample of hospitalized adolescent-onset psychoses including occupational and social aspects. Method: A total of 81 patients with a first episode of early-onset psychosis (before age 19 years) presenting to the University Hospital of Lund, Sweden, between 1982 and 1993 were followed up an average of 10.5 years (range 5.1-18.2)
