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The steel industry emits 2,400–2,713 Mt CO2 and 12 Mt of fugitive methane globally each year, yet progress towards decarbonization has been limited. In this Review, we examine the potential, feasibility and barriers to decarbonization of the steel sector. The blast furnace–basic oxygen furnace (BF–BOF) accounts for ~72% of global steel production and has the highest carbon emission intensity of ex
Today, 14 years have gone since the whole world turned their backs on Rwanda, the small country in East Africa, during a time when its population needed us the most. These were the same nations that already after the Second World War had made a promise about ''Never Again'', then meaning that they would never again allow another attempt to exterminate an entire ethnic group. It was
Importance: The association between long sleep duration and mortality appears stronger in East Asian populations than in North American or European populations. Objectives: To assess the sex-specific association between sleep duration and all-cause and major-cause mortality in a pooled longitudinal cohort and to stratify the association by age and body mass index. Design, Setting, and Participants
Objective: Increased renal and hepatic gluconeogenesis are important sources of fasting hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes (T2D). The inhibitory effect of co-administration of sodium nitrite and sodium hydrosulfide (NaSH) on hepatic but not renal gluconeogenesis has been reported in rats with T2D. The present study aimed to determine the effects of co-administration of sodium nitrite and NaSH on the
Survivors of malignant bone tumors in childhood are at risk of long-term adverse health effects. We comprehensively reviewed cases of somatic diseases that required a hospital contact in survivors of osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma. In a population-based cohort study, 620 five-year survivors of osteosarcoma (n = 440) or Ewing sarcoma (n = 180), diagnosed before the age of 20 years in Denmark, Finla
Background and purpose: Patients with focal cartilage lesions experience functional impairment. Results for biological treatments in the middle-aged patient is poor. Previous studies with focal prosthetic inlay resurfacing have shown a higher risk of conversion to total knee replacement at mid-term follow-up. A novel customized implant (Episealer, Episurf, Stockholm, Sweden) has been proposed to i
The effect of human recombinant cystatin C, a cysteine proteinase inhibitor, on bone resorption in vitro was evaluated. Bone resorption was assessed by analyzing the release of 45Ca and 3H from mouse calvarial bones prelabeled in vivo by injections with 45Ca or [3H]proline, respectively. In 24 h cultures, cystatin C (50 micrograms/ml) significantly inhibited the release of 45Ca and 3H stimulated b
OBJECTIVES: There is a need for updated haematological reference data in infancy. This study aimed to define intervals for haemoglobin and red blood cell biomarkers based on data from a large cohort of longitudinally followed Swedish infants. DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort study. SETTING: Two Swedish study centres. PARTICIPANTS: Three community-based populations including 442 presumably healthy infan
Objective: Both auditory and visual hypersensitivity are clinical features of mental fatigue after acquired brain damage or in neurological disorders. Both types of hypersensitivity are also associated with attention deficits, especially in neurodevelopmental syndromes. The aim of this study was to examine auditory and visual hypersensitivity, and associations to attention, in a group of children
Context. 55 Cnc e is a transiting super-Earth (radius 1.88 R⊕ and mass 8 M⊕) orbiting a G8V host star on a 17-h orbit. Spitzer observations of the planet's phase curve at 4.5 μm revealed a time-varying occultation depth, and MOST optical observations are consistent with a time-varying phase curve amplitude and phase offset of maximum light. Both broadband and high-resolution spectroscopic analyses
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, often aggressive type of B-cell lymphoma with poor survival and no cure. Cancer and cancer treatment has a negative impact on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) both during active disease and in the long term, and improvement of HRQOL is a crucial objective of cancer therapy in older patients and no curative intent. Baseline HRQOL has in other lymphoma pop
Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) functionalized with certain alicyclic quaternary ammonium cations show high alkaline stability, which is necessary for use in fuel cells and water electrolyzers. Here, we have prepared and studied a series of poly(fluorene alkylene)s incorporating N,N-dimethylpiperidinium (DMP) and 6-azoniaspiro[5.5]undecane (ASU) cations in spirocyclic and bis-spirocyclic arrangeme
There is currently limited understanding of the genetic aetiology of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). We aimed to identify genetic loci associated with OSA risk, and to test if OSA and its comorbidities share a common genetic background. We conducted the first large-scale genome-wide association study of OSA using the FinnGen study (217 955 individuals) with 16 761 OSA patients identified using nat
INTRODUCTION: Some evidence suggests that primary anastomosis following left sided colorectal resection in the emergency setting may be safe in selected patients, and confer favourable outcomes to permanent enterostomy. The aim of this study was to compare the major postoperative complication rate in patients undergoing end stoma vs primary anastomosis following emergency left sided colorectal res
Background Abdominal scarring in patients with anorectal malformations (ARM) is a permanent visible sign of a chronic congenital condition. The study's aims were to assess the physical and psychosocial significance of abdominal scarring in ARM and to propose a scar treatment approach. Methods A patient- and observer reported cross-sectional study of ARM patients with previous colostomies surgicall
BackgroundKetamine has emerged as a fast-acting and powerful antidepressant, but no head to head trial has been performed, Here, ketamine is compared with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), the most effective therapy for depression.MethodsHospitalized patients with unipolar depression were randomized (1:1) to thrice-weekly racemic ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) infusions or ECT in a parallel, open-label, non-
This study assesses the potential of constructed wetland systems to treat tannery effluent (TE) and mixed industry effluent (MIE). After each of the three influent cells acting as settling cells, three treatment cells in horizontal series along with a Control were applied. Each of the cells was subjected to horizontal surface flow and planted with Hemarthria compressa (L.f.) R.Br. (perennial whip
Background: Transrectal prostate biopsy (TRbx) carries an increasing risk of infection. The Forsvall Needle Prototype (FNP) is a novel biopsy needle that reduces bacterial load brought across the rectum and may therefore reduce infection risk. The objective of this study was to compare biopsy length, quality and patient experience for the FNP Version 2 (FNP2) versus a standard Tru-Cut needle. Meth
Background and aims: Skin autofluorescence (AF), a measure of tissue accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), has been associated with diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, the association of skinAF with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in the general population is largely unknown. Our study aimed toexamine the associations between skin AF and subclinical atherosclerosis
