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There is a well-documented large positive correlation between education and health and yet it remains unclear as to whether this is a causal relationship. Potential reasons for this lack of clarity include estimation using different methods, analysis of different populations and school reforms that are different in design. In this paper we assess whether the type of school reform, the instrument a
Intracerebral haemorrhage and small vessel ischaemic stroke (SVS) are the most acute manifestations of cerebral small vessel disease, with no established preventive approaches beyond hypertension management. Combined genome-wide association study (GWAS) of these two correlated diseases may improve statistical power to detect novel genetic factors for cerebral small vessel disease, elucidating unde
BACKGROUND: Mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) from diffusion MRI (dMRI) have been associated with cell density and tissue anisotropy across tumors, but it is unknown whether these associations persist at the microscopic level.PURPOSE: To quantify the degree to which cell density and anisotropy, as determined from histology, account for the intra-tumor variability of MD and FA in
It is well established that high ambient heat could cause congenital abnormalities resulting in miscarriage or stillbirth among certain species of mammals. However, this has not been systematically studied in real field settings among humans, despite the potential value of such knowledge for estimating the impact of global warming on the human species. This study sought to test the hypothesis that
Objectives: Occupational exposure to diesel exhaust is common due the widespread use of dieselpowered combustion engines. Diesel exhaust is chemically complex and consists of thousands of compounds present as gases and particulate matter. Both nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and elemental carbon(EC) have been used as markers for diesel exhaust exposure. Currently EC is regarded as the best surrogate of die
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss and impaired cognitive functions. The higher incidence of AD among women indicates that sex is one of the main risk factor for developing the disease. Using the transgenic amyloid precursor protein × presenilin 1 (APPxPS1) mouse model of AD, we investigated sex inequality with regards to memory capaci
Mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) lines were derived by crossing heterozygous transgenic (tg) mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of the rat tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) promoter, with homozygous alpha-synuclein (aSYN) mice expressing human mutant SNCAA53T under the control of the mouse Prion promoter (MoPrP), or wildtype (WT) mice. The expression of GFP and human aSYN wa
Objectives: This study compared the osseointegrative potential of a novel injection molded zirconia dental implant (Neodent Zi ceramic implant, test) and a commercially available titanium implant (Neodent Alvim implant, control) in terms of histomorphometrically derived bone-to-implant contact (BIC), first bone-to-implant contact (fBIC), and the ratio of bone area to total area (BATA) around the i
Importance Active perinatal care increases survival of extremely preterm infants; however, improved survival might be associated with increased disability among survivors. Objective To determine neurodevelopmental outcome in extremely preterm children at 2.5 years (corrected age). Design, Setting, and Participants Population-based prospective cohort of consecutive extremely preterm infants born be
Popular Abstract in Swedish Syfte Syftet med denna avhandling var att undersöka om barn födda i Sverige till invandrare (icke-Svenskar) hade en ökad risk för typ 1 diabetes (T1D) och om immunogenetiska markörer för T1D (HLA och icke-HLA genetiska faktorer samt ö-cellsantikroppar) skiljde sig från svenska T1D barn (Svenskar). Målsättningen var också att analysera ärftliga förutsättningar (T1D och TThis thesis examined whether the offspring of immigrants (non-Swedes) to Sweden are at increased risk of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) when they are born or live in Sweden. It also evaluated if their T1D and T2D-related genes differed from Swedish patients and whether this genetic heritage determined the types and existence of islet autoantibodies at time of diagnosis and affected the classification of di
Background: In most resource poor countries, particularly sub-Saharan Africa, modern contraceptive use and prevalence is unusually low and fertility is very high resulting in rapid population growth and high maternal mortality and morbidity. Current evidence shows slow progress in expanding the use of contraceptives by women of low socioeconomic status and insufficient financial commitment to fami
BACKGROUND: Lead time, the estimated time by which screening advances the date of diagnosis, is used to calculate the risk of overdiagnosis. We sought to describe empirically the distribution of lead times between an elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and subsequent prostate cancer diagnosis. METHODS: We linked the Swedish cancer registry to two independent cohorts: 60-year-olds sampled in 1
Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) during recovery of exercise stress testing are associated with increased cardiovascular mortality, but the cause remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate the association of PVCs during recovery with echocardiographic abnormalities, and their combined prognostic performance. Echocardiographic abnormalities [reduced left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, valv
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with unknown etiology. Here we show the generation of an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line, named CSC-40, from dermal fibroblasts obtained from a 59-year-old male patient with a homozygous p.Q456X mutation in the PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK/PARK6) gene and a confirmed diagnosis of PD, which could be used to model familial PD.
Pain, use of painkillers and alcohol are highly prevalent in the general population. Aims of the study were to describe differences in pain, alcohol consumption and use of painkillers among two 60 year old birth cohorts stratified by gender. Participants were recruited from the Skåne centre of The Swedish National study on Aging and Care, a multicentre, prospective, longitudinal study. The sample
Objective: The decline in suicide rates has leveled off in many countries during the last decade, suggesting that new interventions are needed in the work with suicide prevention. Learnings from investigations of suicide should contribute to the development of these new interventions. However, reviews of investigations have indicated that few new lessons have been learned. To be an effective tool,
Background: Adverse perinatal exposures have been associated with psychiatric disorders and suicidal behaviours later in life. However, the independent associations of gestational age at birth or fetal growth with suicide death, potential sex-specific differences, and causality of these associations are unclear. Methods: A national cohort study was conducted of all 2 440 518 singletons born in Swe
