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Objectives: Risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) is low among first-generation immigrants in Sweden. We aimed to study incident MS in first- and second-generation immigrant groups. Materials & Methods: We included adults aged 18 years and older in Sweden in first-generation (n = 6 042 891) and second-generation (n = 4 860 469) sub-studies. MS was defined via two diagnoses in the Swedish National Pa
Type 3 diabetes (T3D) accurately reflects that dementia, e.g., Alzheimer’s disease, represents insulin resistance and neurodegeneration in the brain. Similar retinal microvascular changes were observed in Alzheimer’s and chronic stressed individuals. Hence, we aimed to show that chronic stress relates to T3D dementia signs and retinopathy, ultimately comprising a Stress syndrome prototype reflecti
Summary: Frailty reflects an accelerated health decline. Frailty is a consequence of fracture and contributes to fracture. Greater frailty was associated with higher fracture risk. Frail women were at immediate risk (within 24 months) of a hip or major fracture. Fracture prevention could be improved by considering frailty status. Introduction: Frailty encompasses the functional decline in multiple
Efficient and robust control strategies can greatly contribute to the reliability of fuel cell systems, and a stable output voltage is a key criterion for evaluating a fuel cell system's reliability as a power source. In this study, a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) system model is developed, and its performances under different operating conditions are studied. Then two different novel contr
Young birds in cold environments face a range of age-specific thermal challenges. Studying the thermal biology of young birds throughout ontogeny may further our understanding of how such challenges are met. We investigated how age and environmental parameters influenced surface temperature gradients across various body regions of wandering albatross (Diomedea exulans) chicks on Bird Island, South
Solid oxide cells are an exciting technology for energy conversion. Fuel cells, based on solid oxide technology, convert hydrogen or hydrogen-rich fuels into electrical energy, with potential applications in stationary power generation. Conversely, solid oxide electrolysers convert electricity into chemical energy, thereby offering the potential to store energy from transient resources, such as wi
Health complaints are increasing among adolescents and are recognized as a global public health issue. Health complaints are an indicator for subjective ill-being, but little is known about the relationship between sadness and other health complaints. The aim of this study was to investigate sadness and other health complaints among Swedish adolescents. A survey with a cross-sectional design was c
An experimental approach is described in which well-defined perturbations of the gas feed into an Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (APXPS) cell are fully synchronized with the time-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data acquisition. These experiments unlock new possibilities for investigating the properties of materials and chemical reactions mediated by their surfaces, su
In the European Union the Annexes of its chemical legislation (REACH) were revised and now clarify the technical data requirements for nanomaterials (NMs). These new provisions, effective from January 1, 2020, introduce requirements for manufacturers, importers and downstream users regarding registration and safety assessment of NMs. This study aims to assess the availability and suitability of me
The overall aim of this thesis work is to characterize artificial biomolecular motors, specifically the Lawnmower, a motor based on the burn bridges mechanism, and the Tumbleweed, a protein motor that employs ligand specific DNA-proteins binding to step along DNA. An overview of their operational principles is given, and initial results of our studies are presented, along with a review of currentl
Background: Sleep, a multi-dimensional experience, is essential for optimal physical and mental wellbeing. Poor sleep is associated with worse wellbeing but data are scarce from multi-site studies on sleeping-related distress in palliative care populations. Aim: To evaluate patient-reported distress related to sleep and explore key demographic and symptom distress related to pain, breathing or fat
Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) may contribute to liver carcinogenesis because of their pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative properties. Diet is a major source of AGEs, but there is sparse human evidence on the role of AGEs intake in liver cancer aetiology. We examined the association between dietary AGEs and the risk of hepatobiliary cancers in the European Prospective Investigation into Canc
In optoelectronic devices such as solar cells and photodetectors, a portion of electron-hole pairs is generated as so-called hot carriers with anexcess kinetic energy that is typically lost as heat. The long-standing aim to harvest this excess energy to enhance device performance hasproven to be very challenging, largely due to the extremely short-lived nature of hot carriers. Efforts thus focus o
Sweden has in recent years witnessed increasing rates of firearm-related violence and homicide, which has contributed to increased rates of deadly violence. Attempts to profile offenders committing such crimes are of major importance, because such efforts may contribute to better preventive measures. We therefore aimed to study the characteristics of individuals convicted and/or suspected of homicid
