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Advancing the use of air-sensitive polar organometallic Grignard and organolithium reagents under more environmentally benign conditions, here we report the addition of these reagents to a-b unsaturated ketones and aldehydes using the deep eutetic solvent (DES) choline chloride (ChCl): glycerol (Gly) (1:2), under air. Reactions occur at room temperature within seconds with excellent regioselective

Objective People with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have substantial palliative care needs, but uncertainty exists around appropriate identification of patients for palliative care referral. We conducted a Delphi study of international experts to identify consensus referral criteria for specialist outpatient palliative care for people with COPD. Methods Clinicians in the fi

Genotypes causing pregnancy loss and perinatal mortality are depleted among living individuals and are therefore difficult to find. To explore genetic causes of recessive lethality, we searched for sequence variants with deficit of homozygosity among 1.52 million individuals from six European populations. In this study, we identified 25 genes harboring protein-altering sequence variants with a str

Predation's consequences can manifest through either consumptive or nonconsumptive effects, but the prey response may also vary depending on the predator hunting strategy. Considerable attention has been paid to coursing predators, whereas less information is available regarding responses to ambush predators. To remedy this paucity, we utilized a three-dimensional tracking platform to record group

Background People living with serious respiratory illness experience a high burden of distressing symptoms. Although opioids are prescribed for symptom management, they generate adverse events, and their benefits are unclear. Methods We examined the efficacy and safety of opioids for symptom management in people with serious respiratory illness. Embase, MEDLINE and the Cochrane Central Register of

The strategy of pre-training a large model on a diverse dataset, then fine-tuning for a particular application has yielded impressive results in computer vision, natural language processing, and robotic control. This strategy has vast potential in adaptive control, where it is necessary to rapidly adapt to changing conditions with limited data. Toward concretely understanding the benefit of pre-tr

BACKGROUND: Physical activity (PA) after stroke has significant health benefits if it is conducted regularly, with sufficient intensity and duration. Because of the health benefits, it is important to identify those below the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended level of PA. However, few studies have assessed the level of PA after stroke in relation to the WHO recommendations and which soci

Diabetes is an escalating health concern affecting approximately 152.6 million people globally in rural areas, with a significant rise in low- and middle-income countries where over 75% of affected adults live. These populations face unique challenges, including delayed diagnosis, limited access to specialized care, and economic hardships, leading to severe complications such as cardiovascular dis

The current linear economic system is based on the extraction of natural resources, the transformation of raw materials and the disposal of waste, leading to the environmental and economic depletion of resources and society. The circular economy proposes the circularity of materials, evaluating post-consumption waste and proposing a waste hierarchy called preparation for reuse (PfR), as set out in

Introduction: The infarcted heart is energetically compromised exhibiting a deficient production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the ensuing impaired contractile function. Short-term blockade of the protein S100A9 improves cardiac performance in mice after myocardial infarction (MI). The implications upon ATP production during this process are not known. Objectives: This study evaluates whethe

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder marked by recurrent seizures, significantly impacting individuals worldwide. Current treatments are often ineffective for a third of patients and can cause severe side effects, necessitating new therapeutic approaches. Glial cells, particularly astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes, are emerging as crucial targets in epilepsy management. Astrocytes

Background/aim: Exertional breathlessness is a dominating symptom in cardiorespiratory disease, limiting exercise capacity. Multidimensional measurement has been proposed to capture breathlessness, but it is unknown whether it is useful to differentiate people with abnormal vs normal exertional breathlessness intensity. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial of out

BACKGROUND: Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are stable chemicals used in various applications. PFAS exposure has been associated with lower birth weight and immunological effects in children, and limited evidence further suggests adverse neurodevelopmental effects. Previous studies show that PFAS cross the placental barrier during pregnancy leading to prenatal exposure of the fetus. Research on t

ESP18-0638

Background and objective: There is limited literature on the relationship between cardiovascular health (CVH) and kidney stones. This study aims to compare the association of Life's Simple 7 (LS7) and Life's Essential 8 (LE8) with kidney stone prevalence. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted utilizing NHANES data (2007–2018). Participants aged ≥20 yr with a history of kidney stones an

Background and purpose: There is an urgent need to improve patient-selection to surgical treatment in advanced ovarian cancer as our results showed that cytoreductive surgery was without effect or even detrimental in a yet unknown subgroup of women. With an ageing population, 30% of women with advanced ovarian cancer in Sweden are >75 years. Nevertheless, there are no recommendations on patient-se

Abstract Background Methods of assessment, treatment and referral rates of patients presenting with longstanding hip and groin pain (LHGP) are not well documented. The aim of this study was to investigate assessment and treatment of patients with LHGP among general practitioners (GPs) and physical therapists (PTs) in primary care. Methods An anonymous web-based survey was developed specifically fo

A diastereospecific synthesis of vicinally substituted 2-oxazolidinones from α,β-unsaturated lactams using m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid is reported. Several highly substituted 2-oxazolidinones were obtained in 19-46% yields in a one-pot reaction with complete control over the relative stereochemistry. The proposed reaction sequence consists of a Baeyer-Villiger oxidation, an epoxidation, and a conce

Introduction: In human-agent interaction, trust is often measured using human-trust constructs such as competence, benevolence, and integrity, however, it is unclear whether technology-trust constructs such as functionality, helpfulness, and reliability are more suitable. There is also evidence that perception of “humanness” measured through anthropomorphism varies based on the characteristics of