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Quantum information and quantum computing are based on the concept and manipulation of qubits. In this pedagogical Tutorial-written with the aim of assisting self-motivated undergraduate mathematics, physics, and engineering students-transformation of these qubits, especially the Hadamard transformation (H) and the phase shifter transformation (φ), is illustrated. Two-qubit gates and their applica
Post-compression of (sub)-picosecond laser pulses down to sub-100 fs durations has become a standard approach for high-peak-power sources at a high average power [1]. Here, we propose a new post-compression geometry suited for extreme temporal compression of energetic narrowband lasers, such as diode or electrically pumped four-level systems which can deliver kW-average powers [2], but typically e
As the total cost of renewable electricity falls lower than the price of fossil fuel, not only can electricity be used to replace fossil fuels using batteries in vehicles but it can also be used to produce fuels. This makes it possible to replace fuels in sectors not easily directly electrified. It also provides new ways of balancing the electricity system. When renewable electricity is cheap a lo
Peripheral nerve tumours, most commonly schwannomas and neurofibromas, might present significant challenges by eliciting physical symptoms and emotional distress. We aimed to explore patients’ expectations, perceptions, and experiences regarding their diagnosis and the surgical treatment of a nerve tumour in the upper limb. Fourteen adults (10 women, 4 men; age range 35–85) from two Swedish hand s
Dopaminergic neurons in the ventral midbrain are critical for regulating movement, cognition, and emotion. Ventral midbrain organoids can be used to model both development and diseases of the dopaminergic system, especially Parkinson’s disease. Here, we summarize recent advances and remaining challenges in developing such three-dimensional organoids from human pluripotent stem cells. We outline ho
Solar-driven hydrogen production stores renewable energy chemically but suffers from efficiency limitations due to the slow hole transport-dominated recombination, which caused by high valence band degeneracy and hole effective mass. Targeted hole trap regulation is essential to minimize these losses and enhance photocatalytic H2 evolution performance for practical applications. This study address
Background: The 313-variant polygenic risk score (PRS313) provides a promising tool for clinical breast cancer risk prediction. However, evaluation of the PRS313 across different European populations which could influence risk estimation has not been performed. Methods: We explored the distribution of PRS313 across European populations using genotype data from 94,072 females without breast cancer
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a heterogeneous childhood cancer, characterized by the amplification of the MYCN oncogene in 40% of the high-risk cases. Our previous work demonstrated that MYCN drives metabolic reprogramming in NB, including upregulation of antioxidant enzymes. Here, we identify peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) as a promising therapeutic target in NB. Pharmacological inhibition of PRDX6 reduces MYCN
Epitaxially grown nanowires have shown promise for photovoltaic applications due to their nanophotonic properties. Moreover, the mechanical properties of nanowires can reduce crystallographic defect formation at interfaces to help enable new material combinations for photovoltaics. One material that stands to benefit from the nanowire morphology is zinc phosphide (Zn3P2), which, despite promising
Analyzing kinetic experiments on protein aggregation using integrated rate laws has led to numerous advances in our understanding of the fundamental chemical mechanisms behind amyloidogenic disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. However, the description of biologically relevant processes may require rate equations that are too complex to solve using existing methods, hindering mec
The competitive corporate environment of today, as marked by continuous changes and enhanced global competition, forces companies to constantly adapt their current business activities and increasingly excel. Innovation is considered a critical imperative in order to respond to these increased competitive threats. Hence, innovation ought to permeate corporate environments and their inherent busines
Den här framställningen behandlar det upphovsrättsliga skyddet för brukskonst. Upphovsrätten ger ett skydd för litterära och konstnärliga verk och brukskonst anges som skyddad verkskategori i exemplifieringen i 1 kap. 1 § 1 st. 6 p. lag om upphovsrätt till litterära och konstnärliga verk (1960:729), URL. Det har de senaste decennierna framförts en allmän åsikt att kraven för ett upphovsrättsligt sIn this thesis the main purpose is to investigate the copyright protection for applied art. The Swedish copyright gives protection for literary and artistic works and applied art is specifically listed as a protected category in the exemplification in the law. In the past decades it has been stated that the requirements for copyright protection of applied art have been reduced to the same level as
Dödshjälp innebär att en aktiv åtgärd vidtas för att avsluta en persons liv på dennes begäran. Om det är personen själv som utför den avgörande gärningen som leder till döden kallas det assisterat döende. Är det emellertid någon annan än personen som utför handlingen kallas det eutanasi. Det har identifierats ett ökat stöd hos Sveriges samhällsmedborgare, för införandet av dödshjälp i förhållande Assisted dying means that an active measure is taken to end a person's life at their request. If the person himself performs the act that leads to death, it is called assisted suicide. When someone other than the person performs the act, it is called euthanasia. There has been an increase in the support among Swedish citizens to implement assisted dying in Sweden concerning those suffering fro
The purpose of the thesis is to examine to what extent former high ranking state officials are immune for international crimes before foreign national courts. Historically national courts have recognized absolute immunity, but this approach has gradually to some extent changed after the establishment of international tribunals and the International Criminal Court in which official capacity is irre
Genom att använda sig av dendrokronologi kan man skapa högupplösta klimatarkiv från subfossila trädrester. Från torvtäkten Ope-Brynjeflon i Jämtland har 178 holocena prover av tall (Pinus sylvestris) hämtats för att användas i klimatrekonstruktioner. Syftet med den här studien är att fortsätta det redan påbörjade arbetet med att anlysera proverna för att (1) ta reda på över hur lång tid och vilketBy using dendrochronology, it is possible to create climate archives with high resolution from subfossil remains of trees. 178 samples of pine (Pinus sylvestris) have been collected from the peat-extraction site OpeBrynjeflon in Jämtland, Sweden, in order to be used in climate reconstructions. The aim of this project is to continue this work and analyse these samples in order to (1) find out over
