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It is shown that the commonly used approximation for the no-loss angle-resolved photocurrent from solids in general violates the optical selection rules if the final-state inverse low-energy electron diffraction orbital is taken to be damped. The violations occur in the velocity formula, which is inconsistent with the corresponding and commonly used acceleration formula in which the matrix element

In 1995, Best et al. published a formula for the exact bit error probability for Viterbi decoding of the rate R=1/2, memory m=1 (2-state) convolutional encoder with generator matrix G(D)=(1 1+D) when used to communicate over the binary symmetric channel. Their method was later extended to the rate R=1/2, memory m=2 (4-state) generator matrix G(D)=(1+D^2 1+D+D^2) by Lentmaier et al. In this paper

ad transport of dangerous goods is due to its inherent risk associated with a potential impact far higher than the small volumes might suggest, and has therefore been the target of numerous ITS-related initiatives. However, there are few indications of actual working ITS solutions for dangerous goods. In this paper we conduct an empirical investigation of past projects and research to analyze the

Popular Abstract in Swedish Vi lever i en tid och i ett samhälle där kemikalier har blivit en naturlig del av vår industrialiserade vardag. Till stor del ligger kemikalieindustrin bakom flera av de stora tekniska framsteg som gör att västvärlden har den levnadsstandard den idag har. Tyvärr har den stora spridningen av icke naturligt förekommande kemikalier ibland också negativa effekter både på miThe modern world is increasingly dependent of the use of chemicals. The chemical industries have greatly contributed to the high standard of living in industrialised societies, and chemical compounds surround us in everyday life. Unfortunately, a vast number of chemicals cause adverse effects on the environment and human health. One such concern is chemical hypersensitivity, which is a state cause

Gas phase polyethylene reactors are able to produce several different grades of polymer. Adapting to market conditions requires grade transitions, associated with costs in terms of raw material and temporary production of lower priced off-specification products. In this paper, both stationary production and dynamic grade transitions are optimized to maximize profit, i.e., economic process optimiza

The international legal framework regulating the problem of human trafficking contains the presumption that the return of victims of human trafficking to their countries of origin is the standard resolution for their cases. However, victims might have legitimate reasons for not wanting to go back. For those victims, resort to the legal framework of the European Convention on Human Rights could be