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Background. Epidemiological studies indicate that physical activity reduces the risk of cancer. Physical inactivity or sedentary behavior, has recently been suggested as a risk factor independent of physical activity level. Breast and endometrial cancer incidence have both been associated with physical activity, and endometrial cancer incidence with physical inactivity/sedentary behavior. The purp
Preeclampsia (PE) has been associated with placental dysfunction, resulting in fetal hypoxia, accelerated erythropoiesis, and increased erythroblast count in the umbilical cord blood (UCB). Although the detailed effects remain unknown, placental dysfunction can also cause inflammation, nutritional, and oxidative stress in the fetus that can affect erythropoiesis. Here, we compared the expression o
Patterns of animal migration and the ecological forces that shape them have been studied for centuries. Yet ecological impacts caused by the migration, such as altered predator–prey interactions and effects on community structure, remain poorly understood. This is to a large extent due to the scarcity of naturally replicated migration systems with negative controls, that is, ecosystems without mig
The ability of B-1 cells to become positively selected into the mature B cell pool, despite being weakly self-reactive, has puzzled the field since its initial discovery. Here, we explore changes in B cell positive selection as a function of developmental time by exploiting a link between CD5 surface levels and the natural occurrence of self-reactive B cell receptors (BCRs) in BCR wild-type mice.
An increasing number of patients with central nervous system (CNS) tumour could survive to reproductive age. However, it is largely unknown whether the history of CNS tumour might affect pregnancy outcome. We aimed to explore the risk of being born pretem among children of CNS tumour survivors. By linking several nationwide registers in Sweden, we identified 1369 children whose parents were childh
Alzheimer’s disease is linked to amyloid β (Aβ) peptide aggregation in the brain, and a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanism of Aβ aggregation may lead to improved diagnostics and therapeutics. While previous studies have been performed in pure buffer, we approach the mechanism in vivo using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We investigated the aggregation mechanism of Aβ42 in human CSF thro
Background and Objective: Waste in clinical trials remains rife. We developed an economic model to predict the cost of trials based on input costs, duration, power, number of sites, recruitment eligibility and consenting rates. Methods: We parameterised the model for three proxy placebo-controlled surgical trials using data from a systematic review, a bespoke cost survey, and from the literature.
PURPOSE: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is a subtype of breast cancer accounting for 10% of breast tumors. The majority of patients are treated with endocrine therapy; however, endocrine resistance is common in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer and new therapeutic strategies are needed. Bromodomain and extraterminal inhibitors (BETi) are effective in diverse types of breast cancer but the
The quantum many-body interactions in one-dimensional spin- 1/2 systems are subject to Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL) physics, which predict an array of multiparticle excitations that form continua in momentum-energy space. Here we use inelastic neutron spectroscopy to study the TLL spin dynamics in SrCo2V2O8 , a compound which contains weakly coupled spin-1/2 chains of Co atoms, at 0.05 K and in
Monolithic heterogeneous integration of III-V semiconductors with the contemporary Si Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology has instigated a wide range of possibilities and functionalities in the semiconductor industry, in the field of digital circuits, optical sensors, light emitters, and high-frequency communication devices. However, the integration of III-V semiconductors is
Pollinators play a crucial role in ecosystems globally, ensuring the seed production of most flowering plants. They are threatened by global changes and knowledge of their distribution at the national and continental levels is needed to implement efficient conservation actions, but this knowledge is still fragmented and/or difficult to access. As a step forward, we provide an updated list of aroun
In recent years reprogramming techniques, differentiation protocols, and sequencing analysis have opened a field for generating and studying human-derived neurons with greater potential than ever before. This has generated a large number of studies with the goal of deriving bona fide neurons. Both direct reprogramming and differentiation have benefits and drawbacks, while direct reprogramming can
Fluorescent probes based on photoinduced electron transfer (PET) quenching of long lifetime triangulenium fluorophores have found multiple applications. For such probes a successful design relies on the right balance between the rate of PET quenching and fluorescence. In a series of ADOTA (A) and DAOTA (D) triangulenium fluorophores appended with aniline-like quencher moieties, we have investigate
Resolving the structural dynamics of bond breaking, bond formation, and solvation is required for a deeper understanding of solution-phase chemical reactions. In this work, we investigate the photodissociation of triiodide in four solvents using femtosecond time-resolved X-ray solution scattering following 400 nm photoexcitation. Structural analysis of the scattering data resolves the solvent-depe
Hybridization is one of the most fundamental quantum mechanical phenomena, with the text book example of binding two hydrogen atoms in a hydrogen molecule. Here we report tunnel spectroscopy experiments illustrating the hybridization of another type of discrete quantum states, namely of superconducting subgap states that form in segments of a semiconducting nanowire in contact with superconducting
Single-ion magnets (SIMs) constitute the ultimate size limit in the quest for miniaturizing magnetic materials. Several bottlenecks currently hindering breakthroughs in quantum information and communication technologies could be alleviated by new generations of SIMs displaying multifunctionality. Here, ultrafast optical absorption spectroscopy and X-ray emission spectroscopy are employed to track
We investigate self-heating in vertical, gate-all-around III-V InAs/InGaAs nanowire MOSFETs using pulsed IV measurements at various temperatures. Low temperature measurements reveal a negative output conductance indicating self-heating in the transistor. Under pulsed measurements, an increase in drain current (15%) and transconductance (30%) are observed at room temperature, with values influenced
We explore the energetics of microwaves interacting with a double quantum dot photodiode and show wave-particle aspects in photon-assisted tunneling. The experiments show that the single-photon energy sets the relevant absorption energy in a weak-drive limit, which contrasts the strong-drive limit where the wave amplitude determines the relevant-energy scale and opens up microwave-induced bias tri
