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The population attributable fraction (PAF) defines the proportion of a disease that would be prevented if the exposure to a particular risk factor was avoided. Familial risk is a known risk factor for many cancers, but an unbiased estimation of the PAF for familial risk requires a large study population to include rare cancers. PAFs and their corresponding standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were
STED Nanoscopy of Interfaces and Interactions between Nanostructure Arrays and Living Cells The specific arrangement of membrane lipids and proteins in a living cell at the interface to high-aspect ratio nanostructures (nanowires and nanostraws) is still unknown – as are the dynamic structural adaptations and molecular rearrangements of living cells in the vicinity of such nanostructures. Whether
STED Nanoscopy of Interfaces and Interactions between Nanostructure Arrays and Living Cells The specific arrangement of membrane lipids and proteins in a living cell at the interface to high-aspect ratio nanostructures (nanowires and nanostraws) is still unknown – as are the dynamic structural adaptations and molecular rearrangements of living cells in the vicinity of such nanostructures. Whether
Background: While patient performance after participating in cardiac rehabilitation programmes after acute myocardial infarction is regularly reported through registry and survey data, information on cardiac rehabilitation programme characteristics is less well described. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate Swedish cardiac rehabilitation programme characteristics and adherence to European G
Semiconductor nanowires are increasingly used in optoelectronic devices. However, their effects on human health have not been assessed fully. Here, we investigate the effects of gallium phosphide nanowires on human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Four different geometries of nanowires were suspended in the cell culture for 48 hours. We show that cells internalize the nanowires and that the nanowires ha
Protein-coding genetic variants that strongly affect disease risk can yield relevant clues to disease pathogenesis. Here we report exome-sequencing analyses of 20,791 individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and 24,440 non-diabetic control participants from 5 ancestries. We identify gene-level associations of rare variants (with minor allele frequencies of less than 0.5%) in 4 genes at exome-wide si
Background Genetic determinants of stroke, the leading neurological cause of death and disability, are poorly understood and have seldom been explored in the general population. Our aim was to identify additional loci for stroke by doing a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies. Methods For the discovery sample, we did a genome-wide analysis of common genetic variants associated with inc
BACKGROUND: Abiraterone acetate plus prednisone significantly improved radiographic progression-free survival compared with placebo plus prednisone in men with chemotherapy-naive castration-resistant prostate cancer at the interim analyses of the COU-AA-302 trial. Here, we present the prespecified final analysis of the trial, assessing the effect of abiraterone acetate plus prednisone on overall s
BACKGROUND: Enzalutamide is an oral androgen-receptor inhibitor that prolongs survival in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in whom the disease has progressed after chemotherapy. New treatment options are needed for patients with metastatic prostate cancer who have not received chemotherapy, in whom the disease has progressed despite androgen-deprivation therapy.METHODS: In
Most expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) studies to date have been performed in heterogeneous tissues as opposed to specific cell types. To better understand the cell-type-specific regulatory landscape of human melanocytes, which give rise to melanoma but account for <5% of typical human skin biopsies, we performed an eQTL analysis in primary melanocyte cultures from 106 newborn males. We i
Background: Enhancer of zeste 2 (EZH2) promotes prostate cancer progression. We hypothesized that increased EZH2 expression is associated with postradiotherapy metastatic disease recurrence, and may promote radioresistance. Methods: EZH2 expression was investigated using immunohistochemistry in diagnostic prostate biopsies of 113 prostate cancer patients treated with radiotherapy with curative int
Background. Epidemiological studies indicate that physical activity reduces the risk of cancer. Physical inactivity or sedentary behavior, has recently been suggested as a risk factor independent of physical activity level. Breast and endometrial cancer incidence have both been associated with physical activity, and endometrial cancer incidence with physical inactivity/sedentary behavior. The purp
Background. Randomised trials suggest that therapy with aromatase inhibitors improves survival in breast cancer compared with tamoxifen therapy in postmenopausal cases with hormone receptor positive breast cancer. Whether these results from randomized studies transform into the general population is unknown. We have therefore compared survival for all breast cancer cases in Sweden diagnosed 2000-2
BACKGROUND: The adoption of robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) has increased rapidly, despite lack of conclusive evidence of its superiority regarding long-term outcomes over open retropubic RP (RRP). In 2015, we reported on 12-mo follow-up from the LAPPRO trial showing a moderate advantage of RALP regarding erectile dysfunction. No significant differences were seen for urina
BACKGROUND: Apalutamide is an inhibitor of the ligand-binding domain of the androgen receptor. Whether the addition of apalutamide to androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) would prolong radiographic progression-free survival and overall survival as compared with placebo plus ADT among patients with metastatic, castration-sensitive prostate cancer has not been determined.METHODS: In this double-blind,
