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An integrated framework is introduced and applied to assess the health impact of airborne pollution with greater physiological relevance, moving beyond conventional exposure metrics. Measured particle number size distribution data was integrated with a regional respiratory tract deposition fractions to estimate total and alveolar deposited particle surface area concentrations. Land use regression

This doctoral thesis presents a comprehensive investigation into action-detected two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (A-2DES), from the technical development of a state-of-the-art apparatus to its application in elucidating ultrafast dynamics in advanced materials and biological systems. The work is founded on the design and implementation of an A-2DES setup centered on a single acousto-optic

Template-assisted crystal engineering provides a powerful strategy for constructing ordered networks tailored to organic electronic applications. We introduce a solution-based strategy to fabricate crystalline needle-like arrays of charge-transfer complexes (CTCs) between electron-donating benzo(ghi)perylene (BP) and electron-accepting TCNQ. Well-defined square-crystals of BP polymorphs were emplo

Excitation energy transfer between photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes is vital for highly efficient primary photosynthesis. Controlling this process is the key for advancing the emerging artificial photosynthetic systems. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the enhanced excitation energy transfer between photosynthetic light-harvesting 2 complexes (LH2) mediated through the Fabry-Pérot opti

Green ammonia synthesis from nitrogen via photocatalysis and electrocatalysis has emerged as a pivotal research focus in sustainable chemical processes. The efficient catalytic reduction of nitrogen necessitates concurrent nitrogen activation and hydrogen evolution suppression, representing a significant challenge. In this study, CuAu bimetallic-modified TiO2 catalysts were developed and engineere

By combining ultrashort laser pulses with PEEM, time-resolved photoemission electron microscopy (TRPEEM) provides a powerful approach for investigating ultrafast charge carrier dynamics with simultaneous femtosecond temporal resolution and nanometer spatial precision. It has evolved into a versatile methodto study a wide range of phenomena, including charge carrier dynamics, surface plasmons, scat

Two-level systems (TLSs) are the basic units of quantum computers but face a trade-off between operation speed and coherence due to shared coupling paths. Here, we investigate a TLS given by a singlet-triplet (ST+) transition. We identify a magnetic-field configuration that maximizes dipole coupling while minimizing total dephasing, forming a compromise-free sweet spot that mitigates this fundamen

Developing novel organic photovoltaic materials for organic solar cells (OSCs) requires precise characterization of their charge transfer states to optimize the photoinduced charge transfer mechanisms within the photoactive layer. The microscopic photoelectric properties of the S-shaped (DYA-I-S) and O-shaped (DYA-I-O) conformations of dimeric small molecule acceptors (DSMAs) are analyzed through

Magic Angle Spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is limited in spectral resolution by the spinning frequency of rotors that hold the analyte. Traditional yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) rotors have mechanical constraints that typically limit spinning frequencies of 0.7 mm rotors to ωr/2π ∼ 110 kHz. These frequencies are not sufficient to achieve resolution comparable to th

With the development of ultrafast laser technology, time-resolved spectroscopy has become an essential tool to study the microscopic photophysical mechanisms on ultrafast time scales in the field of solar energy conversion and utilization. Transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS), as an essential technology for studying photoinduced ultrafast electron transfer and photo-induced carrier dynamics, ha

Background. Post-traumatic chondral and osteochondral lesions can be treated with autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), but the high cost of autologous cell expansion under strict Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) regulations limits patient access. Stem cell–based advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) offer more cost-effective alternatives, with human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS

Polyamines are regulatory metabolites with key roles in transcription, translation, cell signalling and autophagy1. They are implicated in multiple neurological disorders, including stroke, epilepsy and neurodegeneration, and can regulate neuronal excitability through interactions with ion channels2. Polyamines have been linked to pain, showing altered levels in human persistent pain states and mo

Solar-driven hydrogen production stores renewable energy chemically but suffers from efficiency limitations due to the slow hole transport-dominated recombination, which caused by high valence band degeneracy and hole effective mass. Targeted hole trap regulation is essential to minimize these losses and enhance photocatalytic H2 evolution performance for practical applications. This study address

Background: The eco-corona, consisting of environmental biomolecules formed around engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) when released to the environment, has gained increasing focus in the scientific literature and its role for ENM fate and toxicity is now widely acknowledged. The European chemicals legislation, REACH, entails reporting requirements when it comes to the transformation of nanoforms. Gui

Bakgrund: God kommunikativ och empatisk förmåga hos läkare skapar trygghet och upplevs som professionellt av patienter och närstående. Forskning visar att empati förbättrar patienters följsamhet, nöjdhet och relationen mellan läkare och patient, vilket i sin tur leder till högre vårdkvalitet, bättre behandlingsresultat och minskade vårdkostnader. Ett empatiskt förhållningssätt främjar både fysisk

Perovskites have attracted widespread attention for laser applications due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. However, perovskite lasers typically exhibit a wavelength shift as pump density increases. Here, we report a pump-induced wavelength shift-free laser achieved using a perovskite nanoplatelet with mixed orthorhombic and tetragonal phase. At 293 K, the tetragonal-phase perovskite

Mononuclear iron(iv)-oxo, iron(iv)-imido and iron(iv)-nitrido complexes are common catalytic cycle intermediates in enzymes, where the metal is typically linked to the protein through cysteinate or histidine sidechains. Enzymatic high-valent iron(iv)-imido and -nitrido intermediates have never been trapped and characterized; hence, there is uncertainty regarding their structure and function. Using

The birth prevalence of cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) varies globally, and regional differences have previously been observed within Sweden. Updated data on CL/P birth prevalence is needed and has been requested nationally and internationally. This study investigated regional differences and temporal trends in the birth prevalences of CL/P and specific cleft subtypes across Sweden’s six health ca

Near infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging has received significant attention. However, it remains challenging to develop NIR emitters with a high brightness. Herein, we report a supramolecular approach to formulate NIR fluorescent molecular nanoparticles from cationic NIR fluorophores and cyanostar receptors using their charge-by-charge packing in small-molecule ionic isolation lattices (SMILES). F

Knee osteoarthritis is a highly prevalent whole-joint disease that is associated with substantial morbidity. If step changes are to be made in the management of knee osteoarthritis, novel patient stratification approaches are needed to identify the most effective treatment for individual patients. Numerous methods for stratifying patients with knee osteoarthritis can be employed; clinical presenta