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Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a rheumatic disorder that causes chronic joint inflammation beginning before the age of 16 years. Pharmacological treatment necessary to prevent joint destruction and functional impairment includes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), intra-articular corticosteroids, conventional synthetic (cs) disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DM
In this study, we report the degradation of smooth and rough lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria and of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from Gram-positive bacteria by peptide-coated TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs). While bare TiO2 NPs displayed minor binding to both LPS and LTA, coating TiO2 NPs with the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 dramatically increased the level of binding to both LPS an
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, not least in the elderly. The incidence of aged TBI patients has increased dramatically during the last decades. High age is a highly negative prognostic factor in TBI, and pharmacological treatment options are lacking. We used the controlled cortical impact (CCI) TBI model in 23-month-old male and female mice and analyzed t
This paper presents the outcomes of an applied cultural study carried out during spring semester 2010 with more than 10 Chinese female postgraduate students in Swedish universities. The aims of this research were to investigate Chinese female postgraduates’ decision-making process, to understand university lives in Sweden with the main focus on their learning experiences and social activities, and
Purpose: The Extremely Preterm Infants in Sweden Study (EXPRESS) followed a national cohort of extremely preterm born (EPT, i.e. <27 weeks) children until 12 years of age. This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal development of visual acuity (VA) in children born EPT, explore the predictive value of early visual assessments, and evaluate risk factors for visual impairment at the age of 12
Aluminum (Al), as a carbon-free energy source, features favorable characteristics regarding its production, transportation, utilization, and recyclability. The combustion of single Al particles mainly occurs as a vapor-phase diffusion flame, wherein the gas-phase combustion kinetics plays an important role. However, the understanding of the kinetics is still limited and rate constants for the same
The peptide Ac-KGSFSIQYTYHVD-CONH₂ (KD), derived from residues 37–49 of human semenogelin I, forms a pH-responsive hydrogel in an aqueous environment with tunable mechanical properties that evolve over time. We hypothesize that KD self-assembles into a hydrogel through a pH-dependent mechanism involving predominantly a change in histidine protonation state, leading to structural transformations th
Conventional diagnostic methods often involve long incubation times due to limited fluid mixing in confined spaces, despite offering high sensitivity. Therefore, acoustic streaming was employed to enhance microscale advection, thereby improving biomolecular interactions and reducing assay duration. The micromixing capability was demonstrated by dispersing methylene blue (MB) in deionized water and
The investigation of carbon monoxide (CO) adsorption on the unreconstructed Ir(100)-(1 × 1) surface under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions is studied with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), and high-resolution core-level spectroscopy (HRCLS). At a low coverage of 0.5 ML (monolayer), CO molecules adopt a previously documented c(2 × 2) structure, having CO
Background: The lectin-like oxidised low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) mediates atherosclerotic plaque inflammation and vulnerability. On activation, LOX-1 sheds its extracellular domain into the circulation as soluble LOX-1 (sLOX-1). sLOX-1 is markedly elevated in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: We prospectively assessed the associations between plasma sLOX-1 and th
The amyloid precursor protein intracellular domain (AICD), a cleavage product of amyloid precursor protein implicated in Alzheimer disease and amyloid lateral sclerosis, is a functionally important but structurally elusive intrinsically disordered protein. In this study, we investigate the conformational ensemble of a 35-residue AICD segment encompassing the conserved YENPTY motif using molecular
The molecular chaperone αB-crystallin is a small heat shock protein that inhibits the aggregation of, among others, Aβ42 and α-synuclein. These proteins are major hallmarks of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, respectively. In order to understand the mechanism with which αB-crystallin performs its chaperone function it is essential to characterize its self-assembly in terms of aggregate size di
In this perspective, we ask the question whether the apparently lower solubility of specific proteins in amyloid disease is a cause or consequence of the protein deposition seen in such diseases. We focus on Alzheimer's disease and start by reviewing the experimental evidence of disease-associated reduction in the measured concentration of amyloid β peptide, Aβ42, in cerebrospinal fluid. We propos
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most prevalent childhood cancer. Bone marrow (BM) fibrosis in ALL has been associated with adverse outcomes; however, little is known about the mechanisms that cause fibrosis in ALL. Therefore, we established a novel and advanced analysis method by combining multicolor immunofluorescence (IF) staining with in situ RNA expression analysis (RNAscope) to inve
“Seeding” is the addition of preformed fibrils to a solution of monomeric protein to accelerate its aggregation into new fibrils. It is a versatile and widely used tool for scientists studying protein aggregation kinetics, as it enables the isolation and separate study of discrete reaction steps contributing to protein aggregation, specifically elongation and secondary nucleation. However, the see
Objective: Synovial fluid contains proteins that may have been released from surrounding tissues, our aim was to gain new insights into the proteomic profiles of human synovial fluid in knees with and without osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: We used synovial fluid from 11 patients with end-stage medial compartment knee OA, aspirated during total knee replacement, and from 13 deceased donors who had n
INTRODUCTION: As the world population is rapidly becoming older, the incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is increasing among older adults with vast implications for brain health of older adults in Europe. Due to differences from younger patients, there are areas of uncertainty in the assessment, diagnosis and management of TBI in older adults.RESEARCH QUESTION: To reach a consensus among exp
We present a superconducting cavity-coupled double quantum dot (DQD) photodiode that achieves a maximum photon-to-electron conversion efficiency of 25% in the microwave domain. With a higher-quality-factor cavity and improved device design to prevent photon leakages through unwanted pathways, our device measures microwave signals down to the 100-aW power level and achieves sensitivity to probe mic
Background: Inhaled nanomaterials can translocate from the lungs into systemic circulation and reach the liver, which is the main secondary organ for nanomaterial uptake, potentially causing adverse effects. Understanding how inhaled nanomaterials localize within liver tissue is important for understanding their clearance mechanisms and potential toxicity. Previous in vivo studies have primarily f
