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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disorder involving scarring of pulmonary tissue and a subsequent decrease in respiratory capacity, ultimately resulting in death. Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase 5 (ACP5) plays a role in IPF but the exact mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. In this study, we have utilized various perturbations of the bleomycin mouse model of IPF includ
The recently developed Phase-Scaled Reassignment (PSR) can estimate phase-difference between two oscillating transient signals with high accuracy. However, in low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) the performance of commonly applied reassignment techniques is known to deteriorate. In order to reduce variance in low SNR, we propose a multitaper PSR (mtPSR) method for phase-difference estimation between
Coherence is a useful measure in many engineering applications. Here, we focus on the case where the input signal to a linear system can be measured free from noise, but the output signal is perturbed by noise. A novel expression for the expectation of a multitaper magnitude squared coherence estimate for this case is presented and verified through numerical evaluation. Additionally, the expressio
Time-frequency reassignment, commonly used to analyze time-varying signals, is a post-processing method that sharpens time-frequency representations. However, the reassignment method is sensitive to noise, making it unsuitable for time-frequency analysis when the signal-to-noise ratio is low. To increase the robustness of the reassignment technique, we develop a novel reassigned multitaper spectro
Stem cell therapies for Parkinson's disease are at an exciting time of development, and several clinical trials have recently been initiated. Human pluripotent stem cells are differentiated into transplantable dopamine (DA) progenitors which are proliferative at the time of grafting and undergo terminal differentiation and maturation in vivo. While the progenitors are homogeneous at the time of tr
In the literature, auditory attention is explored through neural speech tracking, primarily entailing modeling and analyzing electroencephalography (EEG) responses to natural speech via linear filtering. Our study takes a novel approach, introducing an enhanced coherence estimation technique to assess the strength of neural speech tracking. This enables effective discrimination between attended an
Introduction: The role of the complement inhibitory proteins CD46 and CD59 in the immune response to an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is unknown. We investigated the relationships between the shedding of CD46 and CD59 into the circulation, reflected by plasma levels of soluble CD46 and CD59, and the risk for post-ACS complications. Methods: We measured plasma sCD46 and sCD59 in a cohort of 546 ACS
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are clinically approved for mRNA-based vaccines and liver-targeted siRNA delivery. However, poor nucleic acid delivery efficiency limits their application in extrahepatic tissues and tumors. Here, using live-cell and super-resolution microscopy, we identify multiple distinct steps of inefficiencies in the cytosolic delivery of both siRNA and mRNA cargoes. Membrane damage
Background: Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with prostate specific membrane antigen ligands (PSMA) is established for use in primary staging of prostate cancer to screen for metastases. It has also shown promise in local tumor staging, including detection of extraprostatic extension (EPE) and seminal vesicle invasion (SVI). Previous studies have shown high heterogeneity i
Background: Stable atherosclerotic plaques are characterized by thick fibrous caps of smooth muscle cells, collagen, and macrocalcifications. Identifying factors of plaque stability is necessary to design drugs to prevent plaque rupture and symptoms. Osteomodulin, originally identified in bones, is expressed by bone synthesizing osteoblasts and involved in mineralization. In the present study, we
Immunotherapy can lead to long-term survival for some cancer patients, yet generalized success has been hampered by insufficient antigen presentation and exclusion of immunogenic cells from the tumor microenvironment. Here, we developed an approach to reprogram tumor cells in vivo by adenoviral delivery of the transcription factors PU.1, IRF8, and BATF3, which enabled them to present antigens as t
Animals live in diverse environments and have evolved to cope with environmental challenges in different ways. How such adaptations shape overall brain morphology is still unclear. Here, we test how two behavioural adaptations – circadian activity pattern and migratory behaviour – are reflected in the brains of moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera). We predicted that circadian activity pattern affec
The great variety of earth's microorganisms and their functions are attributed to the heterogeneity of their habitats, but our understanding of the impact of this heterogeneity on microbes is limited at the microscale. In this study, we tested how a gradient of spatial habitat complexity in the form of fractal mazes influenced the growth, substrate degradation, and interactions of the bacterial st
Epidemiological studies have associated plasma galectin-4 (Gal-4) levels with prevalent and incident diabetes, and with an increased risk of coronary artery disease. To date, data regarding possible associations between plasma Gal-4 and stroke are lacking. Using linear and logistic regression analyses, we tested Gal-4 association with prevalent stroke in a population-based cohort. Additionally, in
BACKGROUND: Gut microbiota have been implicated in atherosclerotic disease, but their relation with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis is unclear. This study aimed to identify associations between the gut microbiome and computed tomography-based measures of coronary atherosclerosis and to explore relevant clinical correlates.METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 8973 participants (50
Mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy techniques have been used extensively for metabolite profiling. Although combining these two analytical modalities has the potential of enhancing metabolite coverage, such studies are sparse. In this study we test the hypothesis that combining the metabolic information obtained using liquid chromatography (LC) MS and 1H NMR s
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of synchrotron radiation-based phase contrast enhanced micro-computed tomography (SR-PhC-μCT) for imaging of human meniscus. Quantitative parameters related to fiber orientation and crimping were evaluated as potential markers of tissue degeneration.DESIGN: Human meniscus specimens from 10 deceased donors were prepared using different preparation schemes:
Introduction eHealth, defined by WHO as: “the transfer of health resources and healthcare by electronic means” are expected to increase communication between healthcare providers and patients and increase accessibility and patient participation in healthcare. The aim of this research programme is to: 1) develop a sustainable multidisciplinary environment for advancing, evaluating, and implementing
A novel method to derive pressure-volume (PV) loops noninvasively from cardiac magnetic resonance images has recently been developed. The aim of this study was to evaluate inter- and intraobserver variability of hemodynamic parameters obtained from noninvasive PV loops in healthy controls, subclinical diastolic dysfunction (SDD), and patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, mi
