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Background: To investigate if cartilage related biomarkers in synovial fluid are associated with knee cartilage status 20 years after an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Methods: We studied 25 patients with a complete ACL rupture without subsequent ACL reconstruction or radiographic knee OA. All had a delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) 20 years af
Individualization of therapy based on a person’s specific type of diabetes is one key element of a “precision medicine” approach to diabetes care. However, applying such an approach remains difficult because of barriers such as disease heterogeneity, difficulties in accurately diagnosing different types of diabetes, multiple genetic influences, incomplete understanding of pathophysiology, limitati
Background: The rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) poses a major global challenge. It remains unresolved to what extent transcriptomic signatures of metabolic dysregulation and T2D can be observed in easily accessible tissues such as blood. Additionally, large-scale human studies are required to further our understanding of the putative inflammatory component of insulin resistance and T2D.
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is essential for embryonic development and tissue homeostasis in organisms. However, Caenorhabditis elegans lacks canonical Hh signaling due to the absence of key components, such as smoothened (SMO) and obvious Hh ligands. Despite this, C. elegans retains Patched homologs, ptc-1 and ptc-3, which have specialized independent functions. Although ptc-1 is predominant
This study investigated the presence of microplastics (MPs, >5 μm to <2 mm) in biofertilizers and estimated their mass input to Swedish agricultural soils. Collective samples from representative biogas facilities were analyzed using optical microscopy and optical photothermal infrared (O-PTIR) spectroscopy, with selected MPs examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The highest MPs concentra
Taurine, an amino sulfonic acid abundant in seafood and meat, has been proposed to have a potential role in the prevention of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the association between dietary taurine intake and MASLD remains unclear in human populations. Also, data on dietary taurine intake among adult
Background: Standardized definitions of autoimmune disease (AD) are lacking. Therefore, we aim to propose a definition of AD for register-based research and estimate the burden of AD in Sweden as registered in the National Patient Register (NPR) from 1980 to 2023. Methods: Leveraging the NPR, we defined AD as having at least two relevant International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes represe
An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is defined as aortic diameter ≥30 mm measured by ultrasound. AAA prevalence increases with age and is higher in men, but has decreased during the last decades, related to lower smoking rates. Tobacco smoking, concomitant atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension, and family history are the most common risk factors. AAA has atherosclerotic, inflammatory, apoptotic, a
Measuring the number concentration of colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) is critical for assessing reproducibility, enabling compliance with regulation, and performing risk assessments of NP-enabled products. For nanomedicines, their number concentration directly relates to their dose. However, the lack of relevant reference materials and established traceable measurement approaches make the validation
Tryptophan is an essential amino acid for the human body and is crucial for protein synthesis. It is primarily metabolized through the kynurenine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and indole pathways. The various bioactive compounds produced through tryptophan metabolism can regulate a range of physiological functions, including digestive, metabolic, immune responses, and neurological functions. New evidence
Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is characterized by age-related somatic mutations in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSC/Ps) and is correlated with an increased risk of myeloid malignancies, elevated inflammatory pathways in circulating myeloid cells, higher all-cause mortality, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. The pathophysiology of inflammatory
The concept of “vulnerable plaque” (VP) has been evolving since its introduction as an atherosclerotic plaque prone to cause cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Once defined as a thin-cap fibroatheroma prone to rupture, it now encompasses more atherosclerotic lesion types, including plaque erosion, fissure, and calcified nodules. Along with deeper understanding of plaq
BACKGROUND: Pramipexole, a dopamine agonist, has demonstrated antidepressant efficacy as an augmentation strategy in unipolar and bipolar depression. However, dopaminergic treatments are associated with impulse control disorders, including gambling disorder, and evidence regarding behavioural risks in psychiatric populations remains limited.METHODS: We conducted a nationwide register-based cohort
Evidence is limited for the association between parental income during childhood and adolescence and the subsequent risk of drug use disorder (DUD) in the second generation and whether the association is modified by region of origin. Identifying the association and effect modification by immigrant background and region of origin would provide an important knowledge base to consider tailored polici
Single-stranded RNA viruses co-assemble their capsid with the genome, and variations in capsid structures can have significant functional relevance. In particular, viruses need to respond to a dehydrating environment to prevent genomic degradation and remain active upon rehydration. Theoretical work has predicted low-energy buckling transitions in icosahedral capsids, which could protect the virus
Fractures pose a significant burden on society, making prevention strategies important. One approach is to increase physical activity (PA), which may enhance bone mass and muscle strength, thereby lowering fracture risk. A total of 3476 children who began 1st grade (mean age 7 years) between 1998 and 2012 in four Swedish schools were included. The intervention group was 1328 children from one scho
Due to the large-scale production of lignin, continuous flow reactors are preferred for its further valorization through depolymerization. However, there is limited literature on their use in lignin depolymerization, especially concerning feedstock pretreatments and catalyst deactivation. Therefore, in this study, the impact of a batch solvolysis pretreatment on the mild reductive catalytic depoly
Mild reductive catalytic depolymerization (MRCD) of lignin offers a sustainable route to produce functionalized aromatic compounds. However, the economic viability is hindered by the need for expensive palladium (Pd) catalysts and the limited exploration of continuous flow reactors (CFRs), which are essential to achieve an adequate production scale. This study examines the impact of partial replac
