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Background: Expiratory flow limitation (EFL) during tidal breathing and lung hyperinflation have been identified as major decisive factors for disease status, prognosis and response to therapy in obstructive lung diseases. Aim: To investigate the delta values between expiratory and inspiratory resistance and reactance, measured using respiratory oscillometry and its correlation with air trapping a
It is generally known that, unlike structured proteins, intrinsically disordered proteins, IDPs, exhibit various structures and conformers, the so-called conformational ensemble, CoE. This study aims to better understand the conformers that make up the IDP ensemble by decomposing the CoE into groups separated by their radius of gyration, Rg. A common approach to studying CoE for IDPs is to use low
Background: Immigrants from the Middle East (ME) have a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared to the native-born Swedish population. In individuals free from T2D, ME immigrants are more insulin resistant and have lower levels of adjusted insulin secretion (Disposition index, DIo) compared to Swedish-born individuals. The ethnic differences are not fully explained by traditional risk
Objective: The objective of this study was to study the recovery from, and incidence of, work-restricting musculoskeletal pain after bariatric surgery compared with usual obesity care. Methods: Pain in different body regions was monitored using questionnaires in the nonrandomized, prospective, controlled Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study, which included 2007 participants treated with bariatric su
Amyloid protein deposits are the hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, or diabetes type II. Although their connection to the diseases is not fully understood, many studies point at intermediate species called oligomers as being the main responsible for the toxicity of these proteins. This makes them strong candidates as therapeutic targets. However, due to their
Identifying patients at risk for metastatic relapse is a critical medical need. We identified a common missense germline variant in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) (rs562556, V474I) that is associated with reduced survival in multiple breast cancer patient cohorts. Genetic modeling of this gain-of-function single-nucleotide variant in mice revealed that it causally promotes b
Copper complexes supported by benzimidazole-based tetradentate neutral ligands featuring thio- and selenoether donors, resemble the coordination environment of the active site in copper dependent monooxygenases Dopamine-β-monooxygenase (DβM) and peptidylglycine-α-hydroxylating monooxygenase (PHM). The cuprous complexes react with O2 at low temperature generating a reactive copper-oxygen species as
Context: The role of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity is not fully understood. Objective: We investigate the association of cardiometabolic, diet, and lifestyle parameters on fasting and postprandial GLP-1 in people at risk of, or living with, T2D. Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data from the two Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) Diabetes Research on P
The daily transition between day and night, known as the diel cycle, is characterised by significant shifts in environmental conditions and biological activity, both of which can affect crucial ecosystem functions like pollination. Despite over six decades of research into whether pollination varies between day and night, consensus remains elusive. We compiled the evidence of diel pollination from
Background: A large part of the Swedish population is exposed to higher levels of air pollution than the health-centered air quality guidelines recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Aim: The aim of the study was to illustrate the potential health benefits of cleaner air in Sweden by conducting a comprehensive health impact assessment, using a population sample of 100,000 individuals
We investigate nonequilibrium transport of charge and heat through an interacting quantum dot coupled to a finite electron reservoir. Both the quantum dot and the finite reservoir are coupled to conventional electric contacts, i.e., infinite electron reservoirs, between which a bias voltage can be applied. We develop a phenomenological description of the system, combining a rate equation for trans
Background:cThe risk of coronavirus (COVID-19) can be affected by the presence of certain chronic conditions. It is unknown if individuals with severe hereditary alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) faced an increased risk of severe COVID-19 infection during the pandemic and if COPD in this population affected the risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes. Aim: Our aim was to investigate COVID-19 outcomes
This article uses new quantitative data to systematically test established arguments concerning the origins of party strength in 11 West European countries between 1870 and 1939. Through time-series cross-sectional analyses and using a wide range of sources, I investigate the role of the development of parliamentarism, suffrage extension, civil society, and the adoption of proportional representat
In this work, we investigate the pH-responsive behavior of multidomain peptide (MDP) hydrogels containing histidine. Small-angle X-ray scattering confirmed that MDP nanofibers sequester nonpolar residues into a hydrophobic core surrounded by a shell of hydrophilic residues. MDPs with histidine on the hydrophilic face formed nanofibers at all pH values tested, but the morphology of the fibers was i
We report on neutron scattering measurements on the vortex lattice of the noncentrosymmetric superconductor BiPd. We observe the existence of the intermediate mixed state, a region where Meissner and vortex lattice phases coexist, which is a feature of low 𝜅 type-II superconductors. Following this, we obtain an estimate of the value of 𝜅 using the extended London model. Finally, we find that the
Toxicity pathways of engineered carbon nanomaterials, which have many and diverse industrial applications, include oxidative stress primarily due to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study on 13 carbon black, 6 Graphene nanoplatelets (GNP), and 3 nanodiamond materials identified physicochemical properties driving their ROS production. ROS production was cross-validated using di
