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The molecular mechanisms that drive the onset and development of osteoarthritis (OA) remain largely unknown. In this exploratory study, we used a proteomic platform (SOMAscan assay) to measure the relative abundance of more than 6000 proteins in synovial fluid (SF) from knees of human donors with healthy or mildly degenerated tissues, and knees with late-stage OA from patients undergoing knee repl
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) noncompliance has been addressed through various lenses. In current literature, there is a greater focus on improving training and safety culture. Improving PPE design to persuade PPE compliance is less explored, especially in sectors beyond healthcare. This study investigates the reasons behind PPE noncompliance across construction, maritime, and chimney sweepi
The nitrogen (N) cycle is a familiar concept. As is the much simplified, often diagrammatic, representation commonly used to illustrate the scale, importance and interconnectedness of this global cycle that links air, water, rocks and living beings. However, in this representation, humans are often presented as a seemingly minor entity or not explicitly shown at all. This can obscure the idea that
In recent years laser driven attosecond sourcesAttosecond sources based on loose geometry high order harmonic generationHigh order harmonic generation reach focused intensities as high as to induce multi-photonMulti-photonmultiple ionizationMultiple ionization or even strong -field effectsEven strong-field effects in the extreme ultraviolet spectral range. In this chapter, we review four such sour
Compacted Graphite Iron (CGI) represents a unique combination of the characteristics of grey and spheroidal cast irons, sparking significant interest over the past two decades, particularly as a favoured material in several automotive industry applications, including engine components and heavy-duty vehicle parts. Despite its growing prominence, the full potential of CGI remains underutilised, pri
The development of a model of carbon oxidation has engaged researchers for decades. Yet many outstanding questions remain due to the inability to experimentally study the details of the oxidation. Today, novel techniques such as environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM), allowing for in-situ nanoscale observations of the oxidation process, can help illuminate some of these questions. I
Lightweight and semi-transparent organic solar cells (ST-OSCs) offer bright promise for applications such as building integrated photovoltaics. Diluting donor content in bulk-heterojunction active layers to allow greater visible light transmittance (AVT) effectively enhances device transparency, yet the ineluctable compromise of the donor-phase continuity is challenging for efficient charge transp
Acoustic streaming shows great potential in applications such as bubble dynamics, cell aggregation, and nanosized particle isolation in the biomedical and drug industries. As the acoustic shock distance decreases with the increase of incident frequency, the nonlinear propagation effect will play a role in acoustic streaming, e.g., Eckart (bulk) streaming at a few gigahertz. However, the theory of
IMPORTANCE Numerous prospective cohort studies have reported a J-shaped association of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events and mortality. OBJECTIVE To study the association between sodium intake and incident atrial fibrillation (AF). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study included participants in the Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination with Ramipril Global End
We report on the synthesis and detailed spectroscopic characterization of bis-phenylhydrazone astaxanthin (BPH-Asx), a derivative of astaxanthin (Asx), in which the conjugated carbonyl group of Asx is replaced by a conjugated C N bond. BPH-Asx was successfully synthesized and characterized using various spectroscopic techniques, revealing subtle changes in absorption spectra and significant altera
Objectives:The Multidimensional Dyspnea Profile (MDP) comprehensively addresses dyspnea, incorporating both perceptual and affective components, and has proven effective in assessing breathlessness among patients with chronic lung conditions. Despite its validation in High-Income Countries, its applicability in Low/Middle-Income countries remains uncertain. Additionally, the MDP has not been trans
OBJECTIVES: Carbapenem- and colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from war victims treated in hospitals in Ukraine. The question was whether these pandrug-resistant K. pneumoniae are pathogenic and capable of causing disease in a broader context.METHODS: Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates (n = 37) were tested for antibiotic resistance and subjected to whole-genome sequencing
The co-disposal of solid waste by industrial kilns is presently attracting increasing attention. In this study, we investigate the co-disposal of solid waste, i.e. converter ash (CA), sintered ash (SA), blast furnace bag ash (BA), and municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA), under simulated blast furnace ironmaking conditions. The results show that it is feasible to use blast furnace t
The 2023 Nobel Prize for Physics was shared by Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz, and Anne L Huillier. This paper is the text of the address given in conjunction with the award.
Despite an advanced understanding of disease mechanisms, the current therapeutic regimen fails to cure most patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In the present study, we address the role of ribosome assembly in leukemia cell function. We apply patient datasets and murine models to demonstrate that immature leukemia cells in mixed-lineage leukemia-rearranged AML are characterized by relative
Regenerative medicine is an emerging and rapidly evolving field of research and therapeutics aimed to restore, maintain, and improve body functions. In the adult mammalian brain, very few neurons, if any, are generated after disease onset or an injury, and its ability to self-repair is therefore limited. Replacing neurons that are lost during neurodegenerative diseases or due to injury therefore r
Objective: To assess the 5-year effects of arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM) vs. placebo surgery on the development of the structural changes of the knee by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Design: This multicentre, randomized, participant- and outcome-assessor-blinded, placebo-surgery-controlled trial was carried out in Finland. We randomized 146 adults, mean age 52 years (range 35 to 65)
In the present work, we have studied the interaction of water with spinel cobalt oxide (Co3O4), an effect which has been considered a major cause of its catalytic deactivation. Employing a Co3O4(111) model thin film grown on Ir(100) in (ultra)high vacuum, and ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS), hydroxylation in 0.5 mbar H2O vapor at room temperature was monitored in real tim
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been investigated during the past decades, for which a major challenge is total internal reflection that limits the light extraction efficiency. ‘Nanotree’ LEDs elegantly solve this bottleneck. Lower band gap nanowire branches are grown on higher band gap core wires. Charge carriers diffuse into the branches and recombine there. Total internal reflection is impede
