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Spatial representations are a fundamental aspect of cognition. It remains largely unknown when and why the capacity to neurally represent space first evolved. In this opinion article, we argue that a strong candidate for the earliest such representation is the encoding of head direction. Dedicated circuits that compute head direction by integrating self-motion and external cues have been described
Animals need to balance exploiting an available resource against exploring the environment for potentially better alternatives. A new study has revealed that fruit flies integrate long-term metabolic state and recent feeding experience to produce sophisticated search behaviors, which, surprisingly, do not rely on the fly’s internal compass.
Absorption of chemicals through the skin affects occupational and environmental exposure to diverse compounds. We previously showed that loss-of-function (null) mutations and low–copy number variants (CNV) of Filaggrin (FLG), which encodes a key skin barrier protein, increased dermal chemical absorption; however, the FLG genotype did not explain all the observed variation. Here, we explore the eff
Introduction: Adnexal surgery is one of the most common surgeries performed in women. Minimally invasive methods are on the rise globally as they have been shown to decrease surgical morbidity compared with abdominal surgery. Adnexal surgery by vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) is the latest innovation. It combines the vaginal approach and endoscopy via the vagina. L
We present a model dielectric function composed of critical point functions in order to parameterize the temperature and wavelength dependencies of the dielectric function of InAs. This model is based on Adachi’s critical point model, with simple wavelength-dependent analytical functions whose parameters change linearly with temperature. The calculated dielectric function at room temperature is in
OBJECTIVE: To explore temporal changes in incidence of major psychiatric disorders across sociodemographic subgroups in Sweden.METHODS: This population-based open cohort study included all individuals born during 1958-1994 and residing in Sweden at any time during 2004-2019. We identified psychiatric disorders registered in inpatient and outpatient specialist care. We calculated person-years from
Background: High-quality assessment of prostate MRI is fundamental in both clinical practice and screening. There is a lack of national level data on variability in prostate volume measurement and PI-RADS assessment. Methods of quality assurance need to be developed. Methods: All Swedish radiology departments were invited to participate in an external quality assurance of prostate MRI reading. Ten
The main goal of my studies was obtaining bulk acoustofluidic devices able to achieve high energy density inside a water-filled cavity. This led us to explore the interplay of sound and thermal effects more in details. Hence, this thesis covers both thermoacoustic effects in Bulk Acoustic Wave devices and a revisited approach for designing them, focusing on achieving good performance. Thermoacoust
Herein, a model is developed to study the polarization-selective light-coupling in quantum well infrared photodetector arrays with 15 and 30 μm pixel pitch. The polarization-selective light-coupling is achieved using 1D lamella gratings with varying grating orientation and studied through 2D and 3D finite-element method simulations. The extracted absorption quantum efficiency ηabs, derived from th
The ferroelectric domain structure of a freestanding BiFeO3 film was visualized by ptychographic dichroic imaging with linearly polarized x-rays at the O K-edge around 530 eV. The dichroic contrast is maximized at the energy of the hybridization of the O 2p state and the Fe 3d orbitals, which is split by the octahedral crystal field of the perovskite structure. The microscopy images thus obtained
Acoustofluidics is a promising technique for microparticle manipulation and has potential applications across various fields. However, its relatively low throughput limits wider applications. To overcome this challenge, we propose an ElLIPtical reflector focusing ultrasonic tranSducer (ELIPS) to drive bulk-wave-acoustofluidic devices, enabling high throughput. The ELIPS focuses transverse waves co
BACKGROUND: Few studies have explored the association between DNA methylation and physical activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of objectively measured hours of sedentary behavior (SB) and moderate physical activity (MPA) with DNA methylation. We further aimed to explore the association between SB or MPA related CpG sites and cardiometabolic traits, gene expression, and
Slow- and non-growing bacterial populations, along with intracellular pathogens, often evade standard antibacterial treatments and are linked to persistent and recurrent infections. This necessitates the development of therapies specifically targeting nonproliferating bacteria. To identify compounds active against non-growing uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) we performed a drug-repurposing sc
Landscape-scale land use is important in driving species communities and interactions. However, despite increasing concerns regarding the ecological consequences of insect declines, our understanding of how the relative proportions of different land cover types influence insect herbivory in species-rich semi-natural habitats remains limited. This study assessed leaf, stem, and flower herbivory acr
Songbird migration involves frequent migratory flights interrupted by several days of stopover to refuel. For first-year migratory birds, this entails stopping in unfamiliar locations to exploit local resources and maximise fuelling rates. However, stopovers also pose mortality risks due to predator presence. We aimed to determine whether auditory cues from avian predators with differing hunting s
Patients diagnosed with psychogenic pseudosyncope reported significantly higher rates of supine syncope, syncopal episodes and traumatic falls than patients diagnosed with vasovagal syncope in a survey questionnaire completed before head-up tilt test.
IMPORTANCE Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) has been associated with a lower incidence of cancer and reduced weight gain. These associations suggest a potential role for the MedDiet in lowering the risk of obesity-related cancers (ORCs). Obesity is a known risk factor for various cancers and shows an inverse association with MedDiet adherence. OBJECTIVE To examine the association betw
Introduction: Acinetobacter baumannii is a gram-negative opportunistic bacterium that causes life-threatening infections in immunocompromised hosts. The complement system is a critical mechanism of innate immunity that protects the human body from bacterial infections. Complement activation leads to the deposition of the membrane attack complex (MAC), which can directly lyse gramnegative bacteria.
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is a heterogeneous disease. Several studies have identified transcriptional subtypes of mCRPC, but comprehensive analysis of prognostic gene expression pathways has been limited. Therefore, we aggregated a cohort of 1012 mCRPC tissue samples from 769 patients and investigated the association of gene expression-based pathways with clinical out
