Filtyp
The underlying cause of neuronal loss in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unknown, but evidence implicates neuroinflammation in PD pathobiology. The pro-inflammatory cytokine soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) seems to play an important role and thus has been proposed as a therapeutic target for modulation of the neuroinflammatory processes in PD. In this regard, dominant-negative TNF (DN-TNF) ag
Midbrain dopaminergic neurons exhibit a wide diversity in their projection patterns, disease vulnerability, and functions, playing key roles in voluntary motor control, cognition, and reward processing. Parkinson’s Disease, one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, is characterized by the selective degeneration of the A9 dopaminergic neuron subtype, leading to severe motor dysfunction. D
Objectives: Dyspnea, or breathlessness, is a frequent and distressing symptom among patients with heart and lung diseases, particularly in advanced cancer stages, where it affects up to 90% of lung cancer cases. This symptom considerably diminishes quality of life, leading to physical deconditioning, increased levels of anxiety and depression, repeated hospitalizations, and elevated mortality rat
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by coexisting risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Diet is of importance in their aetiology, and gut microbiota (GM) may constitute a link between diet and metabolic health. Understanding the interplay between diet and GM could contribute novel insights for future dietary guidelines, and aid in preventive actions to mot
Introduction: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus; GAS) is a pathogen causing over half a million deaths annually worldwide. Human immune cells respond to GAS infection by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome leading to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines that control infection. We investigated the role of C4b-binding protein (C4BP) and factor H (FH) in the inflammasome response to GA
More effective treatments are needed for impaired fasting glucose or glucose intolerance, known as prediabetes. Sulforaphane is an isothiocyanate that reduces hepatic gluconeogenesis in individuals with type 2 diabetes and is well tolerated when provided as a broccoli sprout extract (BSE). Here we report a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in which drug-naive individuals with pred
Aluminum is a promising carbon-free energy carrier. The combustion of aluminum in steam offers a novel method for the simultaneous production of hydrogen and heat through the reaction: 2Al + 3H2O = Al2O3 + 3H2 + heat. A comprehensive understanding of the combustion mechanism is crucial for predicting and optimizing the performance of aluminum-fueled devices.This thesis develops different lab-scale
OBJECTIVE: To explore temporal changes in incidence of major psychiatric disorders across sociodemographic subgroups in Sweden.METHODS: This population-based open cohort study included all individuals born during 1958-1994 and residing in Sweden at any time during 2004-2019. We identified psychiatric disorders registered in inpatient and outpatient specialist care. We calculated person-years from
Background: High-quality assessment of prostate MRI is fundamental in both clinical practice and screening. There is a lack of national level data on variability in prostate volume measurement and PI-RADS assessment. Methods of quality assurance need to be developed. Methods: All Swedish radiology departments were invited to participate in an external quality assurance of prostate MRI reading. Ten
High-order harmonic generation (HHG) in gases is inherently inefficient, prompting ongoing efforts to enhance the output of coherent table-top XUV sources. In this study, we investigate the influence of the laser pulse duration on HHG using a compact post-compression method featuring a bulk multi-pass cell. This setup enables tunable Fourier-limited pulse durations as short as 42 fs. We examine th
BACKGROUND: Statins have been suggested to protect against breast cancer risk, but the observational evidence is inconclusive. We examined the association between statin use and breast cancer incidence among women at higher risk of breast cancer due to a history of benign breast disease (BBD).METHODS: Using Danish registries, we identified cancer-free women aged ≥50 years during 1996-2018 with a h
The main goal of my studies was obtaining bulk acoustofluidic devices able to achieve high energy density inside a water-filled cavity. This led us to explore the interplay of sound and thermal effects more in details. Hence, this thesis covers both thermoacoustic effects in Bulk Acoustic Wave devices and a revisited approach for designing them, focusing on achieving good performance. Thermoacoust
X-ray methods can offer unique insights into the structural and electronic properties of nanomaterials. Recent years have seen a dramatic improvement in both x-ray sources and x-ray optics, providing unprecedented resolution and sensitivity. These developments are particularly useful for nanowires, which are inherently small and give weak signals. This review gives an overview of how different x-r
Herein, a model is developed to study the polarization-selective light-coupling in quantum well infrared photodetector arrays with 15 and 30 μm pixel pitch. The polarization-selective light-coupling is achieved using 1D lamella gratings with varying grating orientation and studied through 2D and 3D finite-element method simulations. The extracted absorption quantum efficiency ηabs, derived from th
The ferroelectric domain structure of a freestanding BiFeO3 film was visualized by ptychographic dichroic imaging with linearly polarized x-rays at the O K-edge around 530 eV. The dichroic contrast is maximized at the energy of the hybridization of the O 2p state and the Fe 3d orbitals, which is split by the octahedral crystal field of the perovskite structure. The microscopy images thus obtained
BACKGROUND: The MeToo-movement challenges the 'culture of silence' regarding sexual harassment (SH). There are few studies regarding this phenomenon in academic settings. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between having reported or disclosed SH, on the one hand, and background factors and general health and wellbeing of exposed individuals, types of SH and perpetrator chara
Fragmented micro- and nanoplastics are widespread pollutants with adverse effects on the environment. However, the breakdown process does not end with micro- and nanoplastics but is expected to continue until carbon dioxide has been formed. During this process the plastics will undergo chemical changes and small molecules may be released. We have broken down small amine-modified (∅53 nm) and carbo
Acoustofluidics is a promising technique for microparticle manipulation and has potential applications across various fields. However, its relatively low throughput limits wider applications. To overcome this challenge, we propose an ElLIPtical reflector focusing ultrasonic tranSducer (ELIPS) to drive bulk-wave-acoustofluidic devices, enabling high throughput. The ELIPS focuses transverse waves co
BACKGROUND: Few studies have explored the association between DNA methylation and physical activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of objectively measured hours of sedentary behavior (SB) and moderate physical activity (MPA) with DNA methylation. We further aimed to explore the association between SB or MPA related CpG sites and cardiometabolic traits, gene expression, and
ObjectivesTo investigate bone mineral density (BMD), osteoporosis prevalence and SSc-specific associations of BMD in SSc patients compared with background population.MethodsIn total, 211 SSc patients (182 women, 29 men; mean age 61.3 and 62.2 years, respectively) and 505 age- and sex-matched controls from the same geographic area participated. BMD and T-score at total hip and lumbar spine was meas
