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Introduction: Sepsis, a widespread global ailment, involves an exaggerated immune response, leading to hyperinflammation and immunosuppression. Extracellular histones, released during hyperinflammation as part of the defensive response against pathogens, significantly contribute to sepsis pathogenesis, compromising viability of the host’s endothelial cells and contributing to organ failure. Method
The gut microbiota is associated with human health and disease. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study of host genetic factors influencing gut microbiota composition in 12,652 individuals from the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT), with replication in Nordic cohorts (n = 16,017–21,976). We identified 12 reproducible SNP–species associations across six genomic loci, including known (LCT, ABO
The search for predictors of plant diversity has challenged scientists for decades. Here we identify intense photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) as a major factor constraining plant species richness in global grasslands. We show that the strength of the negative relationship between species richness and PAR increases with increasing elevation and that species richness is more strongly correl
Background SLE is a systemic autoimmune disease with a large number of common risk gene variants, but several rare gene variants can cause monogenic SLE. The relationship between common and rare variants in SLE is unclear. We therefore investigated the occurrence of rare deleterious variants in patients with childhood-onset SLE (cSLE) and adult-onset SLE (aSLE) and compared the frequency of these
This thesis investigates particle sorting in deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) microfluidic devices, with a focus on how particle size and shape influence sorting behavior. A broad range of synthetic and biological particles were studied, including polystyrene particles, fabricated silicon-based structures, and bacterial samples with diverse physical properties.While DLD has traditionally b
Disruptions in gut microbiome are implicated in cardiometabolic disorders and other health outcomes. Antibiotics are known gut microbiome disruptors, but their long-term consequences remain underexplored. Here we combined individual-level data from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register with fecal metagenomes of 14,979 adults to examine the association between oral antibiotic use over 8 years and gu
Objective To compare longitudinal speech outcomes at ages 5 and 10 years in foreign-born and Swedish-born children with cleft palate with or without cleft lip (CP ± L), and assess impact of cleft type, additional diagnosed conditions, sex, and age at completed primary palatal surgery.DesignLongitudinal, registry-based cohort study.SettingRegional public care university hospitals in Sweden.Particip
Several factors contribute to the use, non-use, or inadequate use of personal protective equipment (PPE) in construction work. This study aimed to analyse correct usage of various PPE, such as helmet, ear protectors, goggles, respiratory mask, gloves, protective clothing, and a safety harness. Correct usage was assessed as guessability, which refers to human perceptions of how to don, adjust, use,
In recent years, the automotive industry has increasingly prioritized comfort to meet rising consumer expectations for luxurious car experiences. Comfort, a subjective concept associated with well-being and relaxation, encompasses multidimensional aspects rooted in physical, psychological, and functional aspects. While existing comfort models focus mainly on seated positions and sensations like fa
The energy system is undergoing significant changes and is expected to continue to evolve. Energy demand is anticipated to increase, as is renewable energy capacity, and technical solutions are advancing. For electrical power, traditionally centralized production is increasingly complemented by distributed production, transforming fundamental system functionality. These developing factors will aff
Background: Severe Alpha-1-Antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), phenotype PiZZ, is a leading cause of liver disease in neonates, children, and adults. Nevertheless, the prevalence of liver disease and mortality within PiZZ adults remains unclear. Between 1972 and 1974, a cohort of 129 individuals with severe AATD (PiZZ) was identified through the Swedish national screening of 200,000 newborns. The cohor
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors, including abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Its association with venous thromboembolism (VTE) has been inconsistently reported. We investigated the association between MetS and VTE, and the influence of sex and abdominal obesity. We included 12,788 middle-aged and older adults from the re-ex
Questions: How did α-, β- and γ- plant diversity of coastal dune slack plant communities change over 37 years during a period of significant changes in conservation management practices?. Location: Ainsdale Sand Dunes National Nature Reserve, England. Methods: We surveyed plant communities in dune slacks at Ainsdale Sand Dunes National Nature Reserve at two time points: in 1985 and in 2022. This p
The formation of InSb quantum dots (QDs) embedded in an InAs matrix grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) was studied parametrically. In particular, the effect of the sequence of the change of As2 dimers and Sb2 on the distribution of As and Sb at the InSb-QDs/InAs interface was investigated by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was shown that additional As2 above the InSb
A computational method to simulate bimolecular quenching reactions using coarse-grained reaction-diffusion dynamics is presented and applied to the quenching of molecular photosensitizers in solution. The simulations describe photoinduced reactions involving explicit excited states of light-harvesting species together with intrinsic deactivation, as well as collision quenching from separate quench
BACKGROUND: Digital symptom checkers might help facilitate effective triage in primary healthcare. However, evidence regarding their acceptance among healthcare professionals remains limited. Identifying key factors of adoption is essential for successful integration into clinical practice.This study aims to identify factors most relevant to nurses' acceptance of a newly implemented digital triage
Women are born with thousands of ovarian follicles, yet less than 1% will ovulate a mature oocyte. What distinguishes the 99% of follicles destined for demise from the rare 1% that succeed? Here, we leveraged a unique clinical opportunity, paired follicular fluid samples from small antral follicles containing either a viable or an atretic oocyte within the same patients, to uncover the proteomic d
Spatial representations are a fundamental aspect of cognition. It remains largely unknown when and why the capacity to neurally represent space first evolved. In this opinion article, we argue that a strong candidate for the earliest such representation is the encoding of head direction. Dedicated circuits that compute head direction by integrating self-motion and external cues have been described
Animals need to balance exploiting an available resource against exploring the environment for potentially better alternatives. A new study has revealed that fruit flies integrate long-term metabolic state and recent feeding experience to produce sophisticated search behaviors, which, surprisingly, do not rely on the fly’s internal compass.
Absorption of chemicals through the skin affects occupational and environmental exposure to diverse compounds. We previously showed that loss-of-function (null) mutations and low–copy number variants (CNV) of Filaggrin (FLG), which encodes a key skin barrier protein, increased dermal chemical absorption; however, the FLG genotype did not explain all the observed variation. Here, we explore the eff
