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Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) is a direct ethanol metabolite, and has recently attracted attention as biomarker of ethanol intake. The aims of the current study are: (1) to characterize the normalization time of PEth in larger samples than previously conducted; (2) to elucidate potential gender differences; and (3) to report the correlation of PEth with other biomarkers and self-reported alcohol cons

Herbivory is an important part of most ecosystems, and grazing alone can have a considerable impact on the ecosystems carbon balance with both direct and indirect effects. Removal of above-ground biomass by consumption of herbivores will change the below-ground carbon stock; the reduction of litter that goes into the ground will influence the total ecosystem carbon content. Little is however known

This paper examines social policy in the European Union with a specific focus on parental leave, in-cluding earmarked paternity leave. It traces the process of how the legislation of parental leave has gone through a process of Europeanization and through the decision-making process of the European Union, resulted in the Directive 2019/1158. Moreover, it aims at examining the Danish knowledge of t

Strukturella och petrologiska studier av komplext veckade mafiskt- och felsiskt varvade sekvenser har genomförts i den paraautoktona delen av Svekonorvegiska provinsen i sydvästra Sverige. Tre deformationsfaser (D1, D2, D3) innefattande minst två veckfaser (F2, F3) och två lineationsfaser (L2, L3) karakteriserar ett flerfasigt veck i migmatiserad och mycket kompetent granatamfibolit. Denna enhet vStructural and petrological studies on complexly folded mafic and felsic layered sequences have been mapped in the parautochthonous basement of the Sveconorwegian Province, Sweden. Three deformation phases (D1, D2, D3)involving at least two fold phases (F2, F3) and two lineation phases (L2, L3) characterize a polyphase fold, which is primarily defined by a migmatized and highly competent garnet am

In May 2011 Tetra Pak launched the first carton bottle for aseptic milk, the Tetra Evero Aseptic (TEA). This Master Thesis aims to give proposals on how the future development of the mechanism working as a dolly when the inductor is making the longitudinal sealing (LS) on the package in the A6 filling machine, should be continued. The current LS mechanism is not fulfilling the requirements in func

I dagens digitaliserade samhälle möter utgivare och publicister av traditionellt tryckt media stora ekonomiska motgångar vid försäljningen av exempelvis nyhetstidningar eller andra tidskrifter. Således har majoriteten av utläggare idag gjort sina publikationer tillgängliga för läsare online. De digitala intäkterna lyckas dock inte väga upp för de förluster utgivarna lider av den nedåtgående försälIn today's digitized society, publishers of legacy printed media face major financial hardships in the sale of newspapers and other magazines. Thus, most publishers today have made their publications available to readers online. However, digital revenues do not make up for the losses that the publishers suffer from the decreasing sales of printed media. This can in part be attributed to the fa

Over the past decade UNFCCC’s climate scheme, “REDD+”, has gained precedence in climate policy spheres; Its immaculate ‘win-win’ solution—to institute a global market- based system for climate change, whereby developed nations pay individual forest users to espouse more sustainable forestry practices—has drawn in the lion’s share of critical debates amongst policymakers, civil society organization

En ny underfamilj av cellulära vakter i växter Heterologt överuttryck av proteiner innebär att en gen som kodar för ett protein uttrycks i en annan värdorganism som normalt inte har den genen i sin arvsmassa. Inom biokemisk forskning är detta en viktig metod för att kunna studera proteiners struktur och funktion. Tyvärr kan uttrycket av en främmande gen medföra skador på värdorganismens celluläraHeterologous overexpression of proteins signifies that the encoding gene of a protein in one organism is expressed in another host organism that normally does not have that gene in its genome. In basic biochemical research, this is an important method for studying various protein functions such as activity and interactions in biological processes, as well as obtaining sufficient amounts to determi

Energy efficiency and environmental questions have gained increased attention over the last decade. In combination with global warming and increasing cooling demands, the Swedish market for combined heating and cooling solutions such as ground source heat pumps expands. As it currently stands, the multi-family building market is highly dominated by district heating, while the market share of combi

Accurate and internationally comparable Human Papillomavirus (HPV) DNA genotyping is essential both for evaluation of HPV vaccines and for effective monitoring and implementation of vaccination programs. World Health Organisation (WHO) HPV Laboratory Network (LabNet) regularly issues international proficiency studies. The 2010 HPV genotyping proficiency panel for HPV vaccinology contained 43 coded

Background Previous Studies have shown increased familial risk for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. In the most comprehensive study to date, we evaluated risk of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and lymphoproliferative disorders among First-degree relatives of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cases compared to first-degree relatives of controls. Design and Methods Population-based registry data from Sweden w

Objective Neuropsychiatric events occur unpredictably in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and most biomarker associations remain to be prospectively validated. This study examined a disease inception cohort of 1047 SLE patients to determine which autoantibodies at enrolment predicted subsequent neuropsychiatric events. Methods Patients with a recent SLE diagnosis were assessed prospectively for

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Following transtibial amputation, a rigid dressing of plaster of Paris has been reported to have advantages over a soft dressing regarding wound healing and reduction of edema, but use of the former may be limited by difficulties in application and in gaining access to the wound. An easily applicable and removable vacuum-formed rigid dressing (ORD) has recently been introdu

Background: Meniscus extrusion or hypertrophy may occur in knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, currently no data are available on the position and size of the meniscus in asymptomatic men and women with normal meniscus integrity. Methods: Three-dimensional coronal DESSwe MRIs were used to segment and quantitatively measure the size and position of the medial and lateral menisci, and their correlati

Background: The metabolism of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and beta-amyloid (A beta) is widely studied in Alzheimer's disease, where A beta deposition and plaque development are essential components of the pathogenesis. However, the physiological role of amyloid in the adult nervous system remains largely unknown. We have previously found altered cerebral amyloid metabolism in other neuroinflam

OBJECTIVE-To evaluate the significance of GAD antibodies (GADAs) and family history for type 1 diabetes (FHT1) or type 2 diabetes (FHT2) in nondiabetic subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-GADAs were analyzed in 4,976 nondiabetic relatives of type 2 diabetic patients or control subjects from Finland. Altogether, 289 (5.9%) were GADA(+)-a total of 253 GADA(+) and 2,511 GADA(-) subjects participate

Metabolomic screening of fasting plasma from nondiabetic subjects identified alpha-hydroxybutyrate (alpha-HB) and linoleoyl-glycerophosphocholine (L-GPC) as joint markers of insulin resistance (IR) and glucose intolerance. To test the predictivity of alpha-HB and L-GPC for incident dysglycemia, alpha-HB and L-GPC measurements were obtained in two observational cohorts, comprising 1,261 nondiabetic

Objectives. Cancer and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are two common diseases that may share risk factors. We aimed at determining subsequent cancer risks in patients hospitalized for T2D in Sweden. Methods. T2D patients were obtained from the nationwide Hospital Discharge Register; cancers were recorded from the Swedish Cancer Registry. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated for cancer follo