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Cationic polymers in the form of anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) may enable a route towards low platinum or even platinum-free alkaline membrane fuel cells with the potential to oxidize more complex fuels than hydrogen and methanol [1-4]. The main challenges for the AEMs are currently to enhance the alkaline stability of the cationic group and to improve the ion conductivity. In this context, ther
Popular Abstract in Swedish I detta arbete har utvecklats automatiserade system för analys av miljöprover och av biologiska material. Två olika membranbaserade provupparbetningsmetodiker har använts för provförberedelse tillsammans med olika typer av kromatografi för själva analysen. Dessa principer har applicerats på tre olika tillämpningsområden. Extraktion med vätskemembran har kopplats med etThe main objective of this work was to construct practical analytical systems for the analysis of environmental and biological samples, using membrane-based techniques for sample pretreatment and chromatography for final analysis. Two types of membrane processes have been applied, with emphasis on automation. The supported liquid membrane (SLM) extraction was carried out in an automated continuou
Critical infrastructures provide society with services that are essential for its functioning and extensive disruptions of these give rise to large societal consequences. Vulnerability analysis gives important decision information concerning improving their ability to withstand strains. To analyze vulnerabilities in infrastructures models for estimating consequences due to failures are needed. Con
Reduction of energy use constitutes as an important measure for climate change mitigation. Buildings today account for 40% of the world’s primary energy use and 24% of the greenhouse gas emissions [International Energy Agency (IEA) 2011]0. The concept of passive houses is one of many necessary measures for climate change mitigation. To reach the passive house ambition in cold climates, increased t
Quality requirements complement functional requirements with information on the target quality levels of software functions or emergent system quality aspects. In release planning the allocation of development effort in further investments into product enhancements, new or enhanced functions are competing with quality improvements for limited resources. When setting balanced quality targets for de
The Sixth Sense of PR-Experts? An Expert-Novice-Comparison of PR-Problem-Solving and Implications for Public Relations-Pedagogy
Over the past decade scholars in the humanities and social sciences have increasingly been pressed to demonstrate the manner in which their research is “useful” to society while simultaneously, funding for their research has been more tightly tied to bibliometric measurements that prioritize high-brow scholarship geared towards publish results in “leading” international peer-review journals. In ma
Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is an alternative to conventional CFD to capture the detailed activities of the transport processes at microscale. Here LBM is used to model the hydrogen production by splitting water by incident sunlight over water covered Si-nanorods. The purpose of this study is, by a 3D microscale model, to investigate the transport and the formation of the hydrogen bubbles by el
The distribution of the output error burst lengths from a Viterbi decoder is of particular interest in connection with concatenated coding systems, where the inner code is convolutional. From the expurgated, random, and sphere-packing exponents for block codes an upper bound on this distribution for the ensemble of periodically time-varying convolutional codes is obtained. Finally, the distributio
The key success factor for companies is to develop and deliver services and products that satisfy customer needs and create customer value. When introducing e-businesses as a new channel, it is becoming increasingly important to consider customers, since they will have a higher level of influence on the company through the interactive channel. This paper sets out to describe the process of conside
