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We constructed biotinylated fusion proteins that linked to three detection tags to GAD65 at the N-terminus, and expressed them in an E. coli expression system. The Biotin14-GAD65 protein exhibited the strongest binding to both the GAD65 antibody and the streptavidin among the three constructs. We describe the optimal conditions using a Biotin14-GAD65-based immunoassay for the detection of GAD65 an

Musculoskeletal conditions often manifest with the onset of pain and the resulting physical limitations. Musculoskeletal pain is almost inevitable in in individual's lifetime. It is one of the most common reasons for self-medication and entry into the health care system. Musculoskeletal pain affects in 4 adults and is the Most commons Source of serious long-term pain and physical disability. The M

We show that the spatial distribution of the electromagnetic (EM) field enhancement can be probed directly via dynamic evolution of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of rhodamine 6G (R6G) molecules as they diffuse into Ag@SiO2 core-shell nanoparticles. The porous silica shell limits the diffusion of R6G molecules toward Inner Ag cores, thereby allowing direct observation and quantification

Although it is often assumed that birds strongly prefer tailwinds for their migratory flights, we predict that a strategy of no wind selectivity (traveling independently of winds) may be more favorable than wind selectivity (traveling on tailwind occasions but stopping to rest under headwind occasions) for birds with low energy costs of travel relative to rest and for birds that cannot use stopove

The number of regulatory RNAs with identified non-canonical structures is increasing, and structural transitions often play a role in their biological function. This stimulates interest in internal motions of RNA, which can underlie structural transitions. Heteronuclear NMR relaxation measurements, which are commonly used to study internal motion, only report on local motions of few sites within t

A Holocene palaeomagnetic secular variation master curve (FENNOSTACK) and a relative palaeointensity curve (FENNORPIS) for Fennoscandia are presented. These curves were produced by stacking palaeomagnetic data obtained from six annually laminated (varved) lake sediment sequences and one non-laminated sediment sequence. The six independent varve chronologies were combined to form a timescale, which

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a necessary cause of cervical cancer and cervical dysplasia. Accurate and sensitive genotyping of multiple oncogenic HPVs is essential for a multitude of both clinical and research uses. We developed a modified general primer (MGP) PCR system with five forward and five reverse consensus primers. The MGP system was compared to the classical HPV general primer

Background: This study examined the natural course of patients following surgery for small bowel obstruction (SBO) caused by abdominal adhesions. In addition, a cost analysis was performed. Methods: A retrospective analysis was undertaken of 102 patients who underwent surgery between 1987 and 1992 for intestinal obstruction due to abdominal adhesions. Results: Median follow-up was 14 years. The 10

In this paper we present algorithms to compute finite state automata which, given any rational language, recognize the languages of normal words and n-chains. We also show how these automata can be used to compute the Hilbert series and Poincaré series for any algebra with a rational set of leading words of its minimal Gröbner basis.

In Lake Washington, juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) strongly prefer Daphnia over other prey, switching uniformly to Daphnia when the threshold abundance of 0.4 Daphnia L-1 is achieved. Using long-term Lake Washington data (1978-2001) and fry trap data (1992-2001) from a major tributary, we examined the following: (i) factors that predict Daphnia pulicaria and Daphnia thorata increase

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Popular Abstract in Swedish Östeuropeisk industri är ökänd både för sin miljöpåverkan och för sin besvärliga ekonomiska sits. Detta gör att resurserna som finns tillgängliga för miljöarbete är små - om dom finns överhuvudtaget. Den möjlighet som då återstår ligger i den förebyggande miljöskyddsstrategin där förbättringarna uppnås genom att gå in i produktionsprocesserna och effektivisera användninSince 1991 cleaner production projects have been pursued by the donors in Eastern European industry. These projects have aimed at demonstrating the benefits of a preventive approach to environmental protection, and to train people within the industry to perform the cleaner production assessments that constitute the core element of the preventive approach. The large merit of the preventive approach

Historically, labor supply elasticities have been used to evaluate tax policy and predict tax revenue effects. They are likely to underestimate taxpayers' response to tax rate changes, and hence to underestimate changes in potential tax revenues, however, because they measure only how taxpayers alter hours worked. Taxpayers can also respond to tax rate changes by altering, for instance, their work

A model is presented for calculating the minimum amount of blow-through steam for condensate drainage in paper drying cylinders. Two criteria for cylinder flooding are given. First, the condensate must be lifted from the inner cylinder wall by the decrease in pressure in the siphon inlet. Secondly, the drag force on the drops in the siphon tube must be higher than the centrifugal force acting in t