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Popular Abstract in Swedish Den pågående ökningen av växthusgaser i atmosfären orsakar en ökning av den globala medeltemperaturen. En viktig påverkande faktor för koncentrationen koldioxid (CO2) i atmosfären är utbytet mellan atmosfären och biosfären; fotosyntesen tar upp CO2 och respirationen släpper ut CO2, vilket resulterar i ett nettoutbyte. För att öka vår förståelse av den spatiala och tempoThe ongoing increase in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations causes an increase in the global mean air temperature. One important moderator of the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration is the gas exchange between the atmosphere and the biosphere; photosynthesis extracts and respiration releases CO2, resulting in a net exchange. A variety of methods are used to improve our understandi

Abstract is not available

Popular Abstract in Swedish Kol-kolinteraktioner utgör starka kemiska bindningar. Detta innebär att de är relativt svåra att både bryta och bilda. Föreliggande avhandling sammanfattar mekanistiska studier av två reaktioner, Stillereaktionen och Heckreaktionen, med hjälp av vilka kol-kolbindningar kan bildas. Ett vanligt förekommande sammanfattningsnamn för denna typ av reaktioner är korskopplingsrThe present thesis deals with various types of palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes and their use in homogeneous catalysis. The focus has been devoted to mechanistic investigations concerning the Stille and Heck reactions and studies under both catalytic and stoichiometric conditions were conducted. As a stoichiometric probe for studying the transmetallation step in the Stille reaction the pl

This paper describes the participatory process of developing and implementing a prototype model aimed at supporting the Integrated Sustainability Assessment of water resources and policy options at different scales. The model - called the World Cellular Model (WCM) focuses on the representation of agents’ behaviours and their systemic relationships with their environment. This is achieved by exami

This thesis deals with the methodological advances of diagnostic PCR including reliability of PCR and pre-PCR processing of food and feed samples. Diagnostic PCR has been greatly improved by the introduction of the second generation of PCR, so-called real-time PCR. Automated closed-tube quantitative real-time PCR favours the analysis of food-borne pathogenic bacteria. However, in common with conve

All designs are marred by uncertainties and tolerances in dimen- sions, load levels etc. Traditionally, one has often over-dimensioned to take these uncertainties into account. The demand for optimized designs with high quality and reliability increases, which means that more sophisticated methods have been developed, see e.g. Lochner and Matar (1990). By describing the fluctuations in design para

Abstract not available

GHRS observations of chemically peculiar stars have initiated a new project for calculating atomic properties of heavy elements (Z approximate to 80). The method used is based on large-scale, fully relativistic MCDF, and the data involve accurate gf-values, hyperfine structure parameters, and relative isotope shifts.

Issues of sustainable agriculture have much relevance and urgency for the sustainable production of non-eatable products that have an agricultural origin, such as biofuels. In the chapter the opinion is expressed that joint legal regulations on sustainable use of natural resources and sustainable farming methods for eatable and non-eatable products of an agricultural origin can be an efficient sol

In man, the predominant proteins in the seminal plasma include semenogelin I, semenogelin II and b-microseminoprotein (MSP). Semenogelin I and II are both synthesized in the seminal vesicles and are the backbone of the gel formed upon semen coagulation. MSP is synthesized in the prostate, but its role has not yet been defined. The genes and cDNA of semenogelin I and II and of MSP were cloned and c

Implementation of guidelines for coronary heart disease prevention is less optimal in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to investigate if specific knowledge (patients' knowledge about their own coronary heart disease risk factors) would correlate to their adherence as measured by self-reported lifestyle changes, reaching defined treatment goals and adhering to treatment with prescribed

In several twin studies the relative contribution of genetic factors for personality traits has amounted to figures between 40 and 60%. In the present study we investigated to which degree polymorphisms in the 5-HTT and AP-2 beta genes are implicated in the neural processes involved in the formation of Temperament and Character traits, as estimated by Cloninger's TCI. Considering the background of

During formation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils, proteins are synthesized for storage in granules. Whereas sorting of proteins into distinct subtypes of cytoplasmic granules may reflect the coordinated expression of the proteins contained in them, still the mechanism(s) for the retrieval of proteins from the constitutive secretion is unknown. To investigate the mechanisms of retrieval, nonmyeloi

Antithrombin (AT) is a serine protease inhibitor that has thrombin, factors IXa and Xa as target proteases. In addition to active native AT, two other forms have been identified in plasma: the reactive center loop inserted cleaved and latent, uncleaved forms. Both have been shown to be present in normal human blood. Latent AT forms a dimer with native AT in vitro, thus inactivating the native form

The purpose of the current study was to determine whether factor V Leiden and the prothrombin 20210A gene mutation are risk factors for osteonecrosis of the femoral head in different etiologic groups of osteonecrosis in adults and whether patients with idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head have a higher frequency of thromboembolic events compared with the general population. We investigated

Providing equitable access to highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) to injecting drug users (IDUs) is both feasible and desirable. Given the evidence that IDUs can adhere to HAART as well as non-IDUs and the imperative to provide universal and equitable access to HlV/AlDS treatment for all who need it, here we examine whether IDUs in the 52 countries in the WHO European Region have equita

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 21 patients with a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) participating in a 5-year treatment study with the choline esterase inhibitor tacrin were retrospectively analyzed for the contents of beta-amyloid (Abeta42), total tau (T-tau) and phosphorylated tau (P-tau). A significant positive correlation between the level of P-tau and the number of sympto