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Prophylaxis and treatment with antiretroviral drugs, a consequent low viral load, and the use of elective Caesarean section, are factors that radically decrease the risk of HIV transmission from mother to child during pregnancy and delivery. The availability of new antiretroviral drugs, updated general treatment guidelines and increasing knowledge of the importance of drug resistance, have necessi
The management of primary gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) has evolved with the introduction of adjuvant therapy. Recently reported results of the SSG XVIII/AIO trial by the Scandinavian Sarcoma Group (SSG) and the German Working Group on Medical Oncology (AIO) represent a significant change in the evidence for adjuvant therapy duration. The objectives of this European Expert Panel meeting
Objective To determine if the prediction of the Malignancy of all adnexal mass using pattern recognition, i.e. subjective evaluation of gray-scale and Doppler ultrasound findings, is as accurate when based on static images as it is when based on a real-time ultrasound examination. Methods The static images of 166 non-consecutive patients with 'difficult' adnexal masses, who all underwent surgery a
The aim of this study has been to critically analyze the political debate surrounding undocumented migrant’s legal rights to healthcare in Sweden. An estimate of 10 000-50 000 undocumented migrants are thought to reside in Sweden. Even though these people contribute to society by supporting Swedish infrastructure with work far below minimum wage, they’re granted very few rights. The United Nations
Det huvudsakliga syftet med aktuell studie var att undersöka vilka enskilda faktorer som bidragit mest till upplevd ilska under pågående vårdtid för LVM-klienter på två LVM-institutioner. Samband mellan ilska och aggression samt könsskillnader i fråga om upplevd ilska och självskattade aggressiva karaktärsdrag har även undersökts. Sextio LVM-klienter med jämn könsfördelning undersöktes med ett helThe main purpose of the current study was to examine the individual factors that contributed most to perceived anger during a hospital stay for LVM clients in two LVM institutions. Associations between anger and aggression, and gender differences in perceived anger and self-rated aggressive traits have also been studied. Sixty LVM clients with equal distribution by genders were examined using a st
Signal is a very important part of the railway. If you place a signal or a different object which is also important in the wrong place, can mean increased safety risks. To ease the work of the consultants in the creation of operational site drawings, the aim is to develop an action plan for the creation of a database, which in turn will be used to create a tool that can be used to automate the pro
The aim of this thesis was to explore and evaluate current methods for building tiny, low-power audio recording systems for wireless applications. Short audio clips should be recorded, transferred to a smartphone and played back. Optimization of the different parts should be explored and a prototype for usage in battery powered devices with limited space should be built. System requirements were d
Background Despite the long history of tuberculosis (TB) research, population-based studies from developing countries are rare. Methods In a prospective community study in Bissau, the capital of Guinea-Bissau, we assessed the impact of demographic, socioeconomic and cultural risk factors on active TB. A surveillance system in four districts of the capital identified 247 adult (greater than or equa
Soil biological studies are often conducted on sieved soils without the presence of plants. However, soil fungi build delicate mycelial networks, often symbiotically associated with plant roots (mycorrhizal fungi). We hypothesized that as a result of sieving and incubating without plants, the total fungal biomass decreases. To test this, we conducted three incubation experiments. We expected total
Roasted cassava roots flour is part of a common meal in Africa, it is known as rale in Mozambique. Fifty six samples of rale were collected from homes and markets in Inhambane Province, Mozambique, for cyanogenic potential (CNp) analyses. The names of cassava varieties used for preparing the rale samples could be determined in the home-collected samples, three varieties were recorded. Xinhembwe va
Abstract: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder. There is no proven protection, but many treatments can partially improve symptoms. The disease is caused by monogenetic mechanisms in very few cases, but for the majority of patients the etiology is unknown. Epidemiological studies have identified a potential role for inflammation. The thesis investigates inflammation and i
The objective of this paper is to describe the evaluation and effects of a major reconstruction of an arterial street in Eskilstuna, a medium sized Swedish town. The aim of the reconstruction was to minimize the barrier effects of the arterial street and by that create a stronger connection between the town center, on one side of the street, and the town-river, on the other; but also to create gen
The aim of the study is to examine what kind of help the elderly get, if the elderly get the help they want, how the staff treat them and how much contact they have with others than the home-help staff. Further the study looks on how the well-being of the elderly was affected by the relationship with the home-help staff and contact with other people than the home-help staff. To conduct the study i
DNA chemical and physical networks have been investigated with respect to their stability and swelling, and rheological properties. Chemical networks were prepared by cross-linking DNA with ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE), and physical networks by association with cationic polymers. Both types of gels display strong elastic properties and have a shear thinning behaviour. Addition of cation
Among hole-nesting birds, the blood-sucking hen flea is a common parasite affecting both nestlings and parents. By adding fleas to marsh tit (Parus palustris) nests, I aimed to investigate the effect of fleas on nestling growth rate and parental effort as well as evaluating a potential mechanism by which fleas affect nestlings (i.e., resting metabolic rate; RMR). Nestlings from flea-infested brood
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system demonstrates numerous actions during neoplastic growth and is therefore an interesting target with potential clinical implications. While numerous studies have established important roles of the IGF system in regulating cellular growth and survival of several tumor forms, very limited reports exist regarding its role in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The ai
We have investigated the hydrophobic properties of human skin fibroblast proteoglycans and related material by affinity chromatography on Octyl-Sepharose CL-4B in 4 M guanidinium hydrochloride (GdnHCl). Proteoglycans and related material could be separated into non-, medium and highly hydrophobic forms by elution with gradients of Triton X-100 in 4 M Gdn HCl. The non-hydrophobic material included
As the largest single energy-consuming component in most biological wastewater treatment systems, control of aeration is of great interest seen from an energy savings point of view. This paper suggests a simple way of using on-line ammonium measurements to control aeration in a pre-denitrification plant by controlling the dissolved oxygen setpoint. The controller works primarily by feed-forward ba
