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Popular Abstract in Swedish I fem autopsistudier undersöktes humana käkledspreparat med tomografi (skiktröntgen), makroskopiskt (inspektion) och mikroskopiskt för förekomst av degenerativa (nedbrytande) förändringar. Speciellt undersöktes förekomst av erosiva förändringar i benet samt förändringar i den förkalkade broskzonen (skiktet mellan mjukbrosk och ben). Det förkalkade brosket var i normalaIn five autopsy specimen studies human temporomandibular joints were investigated by conventional tomography, macroscopy, and microscopy for degenerative changes, in particular erosive hard-tissue changes.In the microscopical evaluation special attention was paid to the calcified cartilage. The calcified cartilage was outlined by a flat or gently undulating basophilic tidemark and an irregular os

Popular Abstract in Swedish Syftet med studien är att bestämma de faktorer som påverkar eleverna då de löser matematiska problem i årskurserna 4-9 i grundskolan. Metoden, som använts, består i en analys av lösningarna till 25 problem, som getts i var och en av årskurserna. Några av problemen har varit desamma i alla årskurserna och ungefär 100 elever har deltagit i varje årskurs. Genom att undersö

Popular Abstract in Swedish Med ett stokastiskt fält (random field) kan man matematiskt modellera en yta vars struktur och variationer i större eller mindre utsträckning kan beskrivas som slumpmässiga. Ett typexempel är havsytan. Det finns vissa ''regler'' för hur den kan se ut, men det exakta utseendet hos en viss våg uppfattas som slumpmässigt. Reglerna omfattar bland annat medelnivån, huIn this thesis the focus is on crossing points in random fields and the probability distributions of various crossing variables in different applications. The crossing points are generalisations to random fields of points of level crossings by stochastic processes. Only crossing events that occur at distinct points in the parameter space are considered, for example stationary points (zero-crossing

Swedish guidelines on treatment of hyperlipidemia recommend higher cut-off levels for initiating treatment than do American guidelines, but are virtually identical for instituting and performing therapy. The aim of this study was to compare family physicians' reported practices in Sweden and Minnesota. We selected random samples of family physicians in southern Sweden and Minnesota for telephone i

Objective: To investigate differences in snuff consumption, sociodemographic and psychosocial characteristics between baseline intermittent smokers that had become daily smokers, stopped smoking or remained intermittent smokers at the one year follow up. Design/setting/participants/measurements: A population of 12 507 individuals interviewed at baseline in 1992-94 and at a one year follow up, aged

Eight secondary metabolites were isolated from submerged cultures of the ascomycete A111-95 during a search for new nematicidal metabolites. (-)-Galiellalactone (7) and compound 2 are metabolites previously obtained from cultures of Galiella rufa while the compounds 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 (3 and 4 were obtained as an unseparable mixture), were isolated as natural products for the first time. Compound

The empirical focus of this article is technological innovation activities in the emerging field of fuel cells and related hydrogen technology in Norway from 1990 to 2002. In this period, four comparatively large-scale research and development projects and a number of smaller projects aimed at development of fuel cells technology were undertaken, resulting in many inventions that were subsequently

Telavancin is a novel bactericidal lipoglycopeptide with multiple mechanisms of action against gram-positive pathogens. The aim of this study was to describe the dynamics of the antimicrobial effect of telavancin against two strains of Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin susceptible and methicillin resistant) in an in vitro kinetic model with simulated human pharmacokinetics. Also, static experimen

This report describes the results obtained from fire tests in a 1/3-scale room. The aim of the study was to investigate how changes in external radiation and oxygen supply affect the production of smoke and toxic gases. The ventilation was varied to simulate under- and well-ventilated fires. The thermal exposure to the materials was varied to simulate fires of different sizes. Fifty-nine tests wer

Popular Abstract in Swedish Nanotrådar har potential att bli en mycket flexibel plattform för design av halvledarkomponenter. I nanotrådar är det möjligt att bilda kristallstrukturer som normalt sett inte förekommer i bulkmaterial, och att kombinera olika III-V och grupp IV material i axiella eller radiella heterostrukturer. Eftersom så pass komplicerade strukturer kan skapas, både avsiktligt och Nanowires have the potential to be a very flexible platform for the design of semiconductor devices. In nanowires it is possible to form crystal structures not found in the bulk materials under normal conditions, and to combine different III-V and group IV materials into axial or radial heterostructures. As quite complex structures can be formed, both intentionally and unintentionally, characteriz

The aim of this chapter is to move the issue a bit beyond the polarized views of profound critical reflection versus excessive trust in the checking procedures behind standards. We claim that the polarized views are largely due to an over-simplistic understanding of transparency. By comparing practical policy processes surrounding various standards, we aim to provide nuance to the issue of transpa

This thesis is based on three scientific papers dealing with costs and financial risks associated with keeping stock. Reasonable cost parameters are important to implement an effective inventory control system, which in turn is one of the key activities in logistics management. All three papers consider a single-level inventory system. Single-period, multi-period as well as continuous review syste

Popular Abstract in Swedish Diabasgångar (eng. dolerite dykes) bildas när järn- och magnesiumrika (mafiska) smältor från manteln transporteras upp genom jordskorpan och så småningom kyls av och kristalliserar i sprickor på djupet. Gångarna kan bli hundratals meter breda och kan uppträda i stort antal och bilda s.k. gångsvärmar vilka är uttryck för perioder då jordskorpan har utsatts för extensioneDolerite dykes are formed when iron- and magnesium-rich (mafic) mantle-derived magmas ascend through the lithosphere (upper part of the mantle) and crystallize as ‘hydro-fractures’ within the crust. Dykes may exist in great numbers to form dyke swarms (linear or radiating), which can be linked to time periods of continental break-up, or attempted break-up events, associated with voluminous volcani

This thesis describes experimental studies of laser-driven particle acceleration. With the focused intensity of today’s high-power lasers exceeding 10^18 W/cm2,extremely high-gradient accelerators are possible. A number of experiments have been performed using two different laser systems, the Lund multi-TW laser and the Vulcan laser at CLF/RAL, UK, to study aspects ranging from laser system optimi

A model for the web consolidation process in the paper dryer is developed and compared with experimental data for the kraft pulps. The model contains one parameter called the shrinkage factor which is used as the fitting parameter to the experimental data. The shrinkage factor can have a value between zero implying no shrinkage and a value of one which implies that all the liquid volume removed le

Species individualistic responses to warming and increased UV-B radiation are moderated by the responses of neighbors within communities, and trophic interactions within ecosystems. All of these responses lead to changes in ecosystem structure. Experimental manipulation of environmental factors expected to change at high latitudes showed that summer warming of tundra vegetation has generally led t

Male sex development and reproductive function is regulated by androgens acting via the androgen receptor (AR). The AR harbours two polymorphic repeats of CAG and GGN triplets, encoding glutamines and glycines, respectively. Both polymorphisms affect the AR transactivation ability, although the function of the GGN repeat was virtually unknown at the start of this project. Thus, the main purpose wi

The aim of this study was to determine the threshold of fracture probability at which interventions became cost-effective in men and women, based on data from Sweden. We modeled the effects of a treatment costing $500 per year given for 5 years that decreased the risk of all osteoporotic fractures by 35% followed by a waning of effect for a further 5 years. Sensitivity analyses included a range of