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Chemiluminescent (CL) enzyme-based flow-through microchip biosensors (mu-biosensors) for detection of glucose and ethanol were developed for the purpose of monitoring real-time production and release of glucose and ethanol from microchip immobilised yeast cells. Part I of this study focuses on the development and optimisation of the mu-biosensors in a microfluidic sequential injection analysis (mu

Context. The Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey will observe a large sample of clusters and cluster stars, covering a wide age-distance-metallicity-position-density parameter space. Aims. We aim to determine C, N, and O abundances in stars of Galactic open clusters of the Gaia-ESO survey and to compare the observed abundances with those predicted by current stellar and Galactic evolution models.

Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus pyogenes are two related human pathogens causing different diseases. This thesis focuses on a number of surface proteins expressed by S. agalactiae and S. pyogenes and, more specifically, the molecular and biological characterization of these proteins. The first paper describes the novel Blr protein of S. agalactiae, which together with the previously de

Popular Abstract in Swedish Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning Familjär hypertrof kardiomyopati (HCM) är den vanligaste ärftliga hjärtsjukdomen som ärvs autosomalt dominant, dvs. ca 50% risk för varje barn i den drabbade familjen. Tidigare studier har visat hög risk för HCM relaterade tillbud inklusive plötslig hjärtdöd (SCD) under barndomen, med en incidens upp till 10 % under de två första decenFamilial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited heart disease, transmitted in an autosomal dominant fashion, i.e. 50% risk for transmission of the disease-causing mutation to each child of the affected family. Previous studies reveal a high risk for HCM related cardiac events including sudden cardiac death (SCD) during childhood, with a peak incidence of up to 10% during th

Popular Abstract in Swedish Prostatacancer är den vanligaste formen av cancer hos män i Sverige och ungefär 10 000 män diagnosticeras årligen. Prostatacancer tros orsakas av en kombination av ärftliga faktorer och miljö-/livsstilsfaktorer. De enda väletablerade riskfaktorerna för prostatacancer är ålder, etnicitet och ärftlighet inom familjer. För att kunna arbeta med förebyggande av denna sjukdomProstate cancer (PCa) is a heterogenous disease including very aggressive lethal tumors to incidentally discovered clinically insignificant tumors. Age, ethnicity, and family history are the only established risk factors. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) has been found to associate with increased overall cancer risk but with lower risk of specifically PCa. T2D is initially associated with increased

Background: Possibilities of detecting oxygen - both in its free form, as gas in the lungs, and in its bound form, as oxygenated hemoglobin - have been explored in this thesis. Perfusion and oxygenation of vital organs (e.g., heart, brain and kidneys) may be severely compromised in critical illness or major trauma, which is why blood is rapidly diverted to those organs to improve chances of surviv

Background The clinical distinction between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is sometimes difficult, particularly in mild cases. Although CSF markers such as amyloid beta 42 (A beta 42) and P-tau can distinguish between AD and normal controls, their ability to distinguish between AD and DLB is not adequate. Objective This study aims to investigate whether CSF markers, i

Certain climatologically-adverse conditions in the basin of the Poopo Lake, located on the high plateau of the Bolivian Altiplano, have prevented the existence of a reliable agricultural system and the impact on the population of the area has been severe. These problems have been the main motivation in choosing this region for this particular study. However, many species of plants have somehow man

Popular Abstract in Swedish Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning Skivepitelcancer i huvud- och halsregionen (SCCHN) Kliniska aspekter Prognosen vid SCCHN är i stort sett oförändrat dålig sedan 30 år tillbaka; cirka hälften av patienterna dör av sin sjukdom. Trots stora tekniska framsteg kring behandlingsteknikerna (ofta en kombination av kirurgi, strål- och i viss mån cellgiftsbehandling) medför dAt present, clinical outcome or response to therapy can not be fully predicted in individual cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). The overall aim of the present studies was to investigate potential prognostic factors, more closely related to the malignant progression of a tumor than the established markers, such as the TNM-classification system. Tumor samples were investi

Introducing a new cat to a home with resident cats may lead to stress, aggression and even fights. In this case study 468 agonistic cat vocalisations were recorded as one cat was introduced to three resident cats in her new home. Six vocalisation types were identified: growl, howl, howl-growl, hiss, spit and snarl. Numerous other intermediate and complex vocalisations were also observed. An acoust

BACKGROUND: The occurrence of osteoarthritis (OA), associated meniscal injuries, meniscectomy, and patient-related measures for patients treated nonoperatively after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries have not been well described in the literature in terms of natural history. HYPOTHESIS: Patients with ACL injury can achieve a low occurrence of tibiofemoral OA and good knee function when tre

Popular Abstract in Swedish Bakgrund Trots att venös blodpropp (venös tromboembolism [VTE]) är en viktig orsak till sjuklighet och dödlighet är data ofullständiga gällande dess förekomst och bakomliggande riskfaktorer hos oselekterade patienter. I begreppet VTE inkluderas blodproppar i benets djupa ådror (djup ventrombos [DVT]) och i lungorna (lungemboli [LE]). Insjuknandefrekvens i VTE varierar mDespite the fact that venous thromboembolism (VTE) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality there is still insufficient information on VTE risk factors and patient characteristics in the general population. Previously published incidences of VTE (deep venous thrombosis [DVT] and pulmonary embolism [PE]) vary from 71 to 192 per 100,000 individuals per year. Incidences of DVT and PE have bee

BACKROUND: Pathological tau protein concentrations in CSF are found in both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), but studies on brain tissue have suggested that the tau pathology in AD differs from that in FTD and that the difference may be related to the degree of phosphorylation. As CSF tau protein is increased after stroke, tau may also be implicated in the pathophysiolog

BACKGROUND. Intrauterine growth retardation is one of the major causes of perinatal mortality and morbidity. To date, there are no reliable methods to detect brain damage in these patients. METHODS. We conducted a case-control study in tertiary NICUs from December 2001 to December 2003 with 42 intrauterine growth retardation infants and 84 controls. Routine laboratory variables, neurologic outcome

OBJECTIVE: To compare the ability of transvaginal color and spectral Doppler and that of gray-scale ultrasound examination to discriminate between benign and malignant extrauterine pelvic tumors. METHODS: One hundred forty-nine consecutive women scheduled for laparotomy because of an extrauterine pelvic mass underwent ultrasound examination, including color and spectral Doppler techniques, within

The paper describes a novel extraction procedure for lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (PCM 2266). Process parameters for the extraction of LPS from bacterial mass were optimized by carrying out a two-level fractional design experiment. Four parameters, namely temperature, CO2 flow rate, pressure and co-solvent composition were analyzed. The best crude extract yiel

The room-temperature Raman and infrared spectra of zirconium vanadate (ZrV2O7) were observed up to pressures of 12 GPa and 5.7 GPa, respectively. The frequencies of the optically active modes at ambient pressure were calculated using direct methods and compared with experimental values. Average mode Gruneisen parameters were calculated for the Raman and infrared active modes. Changes in the spectr

BACKGROUND: We studied the effect on skin papillomas of topical application of a complex of α-lactalbumin and oleic acid (often referred to as human α-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells [HAMLET]) to establish proof of the principle that α-lactalbumin-oleic acid kills transformed cells but not healthy, differentiated cells. METHODS: Forty patients with cutaneous papillomas that were resistant t