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BACKGROUND: Yeast and bacteria elicit arachidonate release in macrophages, leading to the formation of leukotrienes and prostaglandins, important mediators of inflammation. Receptors recognising various microbes have been identified, but the signalling pathways are not entirely understood. Cytosolic phospholipase A2 is a major down-stream target and this enzyme is regulated by both phosphorylation

Background. It is well known that portacaval shunting ultimately leads to a decrease in liver volume and hepatic function, but the mechanism is uncertain. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of portacaval shunting (PCS) upon the morphological changes that occur in the liver in rats after port caval. anastomosis. Materials and methods. Sixty-six male rats underwent either PCS (n

Objective: To explore the links between neurodevelopmental disorders attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and personality in a population-based, genetically sensitive study of children. Method: A population-based sample of 1886 twins aged 9 and 12, enriched for childhood mental health problems, was recruited from the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in

Popular Abstract in Swedish Syftet med min avhandling är att utforska vilken funktionell roll naturliga mördar T (NKT) -celler har, samt vilka gener som är viktiga för dessa celler. NKT-celler utgör en liten men specialiserad undergrupp av T-celler, och är mycket intressanta eftersom att de, trots att de tillhör det specifika immunförsvaret, även har receptorer och egenskaper som är starkt förknipThis thesis focuses on a small population of non-conventional T lymphocytes, called natural killer T (NKT) cells. NKT cells have many unique features; such as recognition of glycolipids presented by CD1d, expression of NK receptors and rapid production of large amounts of cytokines, such as IL-4 and IFN-gamma,?upon activation. This early and robust cytokine burst is believed to give NKT cells the

PURPOSE. Integration between subretinal grafts and the host retina is limited in part by the presence of a barrier at the graft-host interface. This study was conducted to identify factors that may contribute to this barrier, by examining the distribution of glial structures and associated molecules in different setups of overlapping retinal pieces. METHODS. Neuroretinal tissue derived from mice t

Popular Abstract in Swedish Skador i knäleden är vanligt förekommande och främre korsbandsskada drabbar i Sverige årligen mer än 8 per 10 000 personer i åldern 10-64 år. Följderna av skadan kan bli bestående funktionsnedsättning med bl.a. instabilitet, plötsliga och smärtsamma knäledsvikningar och ökad risk för nya skador. Cirka hälften av patienterna utvecklar ledsvikt (artros) 10-15 år efter denThe purpose of this thesis was to increase the understanding of altered movement patterns in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in order to improve ACL rehabilitation, and to develop an observational instrument termed Test for Substitution Patterns (TSP) for standardized, quantifiable scoring of altered movement patterns in legs and trunk. In all, 142 participants, 93 with A

Background: The accepted standard for assessing the wellbeing of the newborn is the Apgar score and blood gas analysis. However, the prediction of neonatal morbidity or mortality is limited. In small-for-gestation (SGA) fetuses at 18-38 weeks of gestation, pO(2) is <5th centile both in the umbilical artery and vein in 30%. In a previous study in singleton term neonates cardiac specific enzymes (B-

Background: HIV-positive women have an increased risk of developing cervical cancer (CC) compared to the HIV-negative women. Despite this, HIV and CC screening programs in many developing countries have remained disintegrated. Therefore, the objective of the study was to explore perceptions of healthcare providers (HCP) and policy makers (PM) about integration of HIV and CC screening services in U

Background: During the last decades, global migration has increased and many immigrant groups have a higher prevalence than the native born population of several cardiovascular disease risk factors, including poor dietary habits. However, it is uncertain if dietary habits in immigrant populations reflect dietary habits in their country of origin or if the current diet is a consequence of the migra

Synchrotron radiation is a tool widely used in science. It is produced by electron accelerators called storage rings. With the high performance of the 3rd generation synchrotron light sources, the scientific results are excellent. It is important to identify and overcome the limitations of a storage ring in order to enhance its performance. This will enable research facilities to withstand competi

This thesis addresses; (1) the microdialysis experiment, application and methodology to maximise its performance when sampling from enzymatic bioprocesses, (2) electrochemical detection and electrochemical oxidation of carbohydrates on Au as well as Cu electrodes in alkaline solutions, and (3) coupling and maximising the performance of a microdialysis sampling based high performance anion exchange

The work presented in this thesis covers the processing of glass mat reinforced thermoplastics, GMT, and the mechanical properties of this material group. The thesis evaluates the possibilities of the material group from a processing and mechanical properties point of view. An improved method for measurement of fibre matrix adhesion has been developed. A new test equipment have been developed, whi

To assess the association between height and risk of cancer and cancer death. The metabolic syndrome and cancer project is a prospective pooled cohort study of 585,928 participants from seven cohorts in Austria, Norway, and Sweden. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for cancer incidence and death were estimated in height categories and per 5-cm increment for each cancer site u

The currently used 8% fragrance mix (FM I) does not identify all patients with a positive history of adverse reactions to fragrances. A new FM II with 6 frequently used chemicals was evaluated in 1701 consecutive patients patch tested in 6 dermatological centres in Europe. FM II was tested in 3 concentrations - 28% FM II contained 5% hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde (Lyral((R))), 2% ci

Background Patients with severe chronic hand eczema (CHE) refractory to topical corticosteroids currently have limited treatment options suited for chronic use, and few controlled clinical studies have investigated new therapies in this setting. Objectives To assess the efficacy and safety of oral alitretinoin (9-cis retinoic acid) taken at 10 mg or 30 mg once daily for up to 24 weeks, compared wi

Adsorption of cationic high molecular weight polyacrylamides (CPAM) (M-w is about 800 kDa) with different fractions of cationic units tau = 0.09 and tau = 0.018 onto silica surface was studied over a wide range of pH (4-9) and KCl concentration (c(s) = 10(-3)-10(-1) M) by in-situ null ellipsometry. We discuss how the adsorbed layer depends on the bulk conditions as well as kinetically responds to

Clinical blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is becoming increasingly valuable in, e.g., presurgical planning, but the commonly used gradient-echo echo-planar imaging (GE-EPI) technique is sometimes hampered by macroscopic field inhomogeneities. This can affect the degree of signal change that will occur in the GE-EPI images as a response to neural

Background: Nursing practice has to contribute to evidence pointing out why there is a need for more nurse-designed randomized control trials (RCTs) focusing on evidence-based practice (EBP).How far this EBP has progressed in different health aspects is usually established by systematic reviews of RCTs. Nurse-led RCTs exist but no study has addressed the essentials of nursing care. Aim: The aim wa

Objective. While the prevalence of radiographic thumb carpometacarpal (CMC1) osteoarthritis (OA) is well-described, little is known about clinically symptomatic disease presenting to physicians for care. We sought to determine the prevalence of doctor-diagnosed CMC1 OA. Methods. Using health care data from Skane in southern Sweden (population 1.24 million), we identified all adults ages >= 20 year

Purpose Primary lung adenocarcinoma remains a deadly disease. Gene expression phenotypes (GEPs) in adenocarcinoma have potential to provide clinically relevant disease stratification for improved prognosis and treatment prediction, given appropriate clinical and methodological validation. Experimental Design 2395 transcriptional adenocarcinoma profiles were assembled from 17 public cohorts and cla