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Tetra Pak Global Technical Support AB (GTS) is a company within the Tetra Pak group which main task is to supply the whole world with spare parts for all kinds of Tetra Pak machines. GTS supplies about half a million different parts, which demands a large purchase organisation. This thesis deals with the so-called Sourcing purchase, which is a term for purchase of non-forecasted parts that have no
In the autumn of 2003 newspaper headlines declared that Environment Commissioner Margot Wallström had poison in her blood. After a blood test 28 hazardous chemicals were found, among these DDT that had been abandoned from the market since 1983. In this thesis the reader will find a case study on the EU's chemical Regulation REACH (Regulation, Evaluation, Authorisation of Chemicals). REACH has
Several of researches shows that youths seek other kinds of participatory channels for political engagements then the representative structure can give them. Citizens who participate in the political process develop an increased knowledge about the society and the more knowledge about the society the larger reason to participate. This thesis was done with the assumption that the experience of part
One of the most common reasons for a firm to merge is that a merger is believed to generate economic efficiency. This argument has different aspects as mergers may yield efficiency gains in various ways. Economists often distinguish between three different classes of efficiencies: Allocative efficiency, productive efficiency and dynamic efficiency. All three classes are relevant in the analysis of
Abstrakt Bakgrund: Kvinnlig könsstympning definieras som delvis eller totalt avlägsnande av kvinnans könsdelar eller åsamkande av annan skada av icke-medicinska skäl. 2014 beräknades enligt WHO mer än 125 miljoner flickor och kvinnor vara könsstympade. I Sverige uppskattas det leva cirka 38 000 könsstympade kvinnor. Ingreppet kan medföra kronisk smärta, svårigheter i samband med miktion och me
Sverige har en av världens mest generösa föräldraförsäkringar. Föräldraförsäkringen är könsneutralt utformad, men trots detta tar kvinnor ut drygt 75 procent av föräldraledigheten. Syftet med denna uppsats är att, ur ett genusrättsvetenskapligt perspektiv, utreda om en individualiserad föräldraförsäkring borde införas och att genomföra en genuskritisk rättspolitisk studie av rätten genom att appliSweden has one of the world's most generous parental insurance. The parental insurance is designed to be gender neutral, but despite this, women take out more than 75 percent of the parental leave. The purpose of this paper is to, from a gender rights scientific perspective, investigate whether an individualised parental leave should be introduced and to conduct a gender-critical legal policy
År 2014 antogs direktiv 2014/65EU, även kallat MiFID II. Direktivet reglerar bland annat hur finansiella institut ska organisera sin verksamhet för att skydda kundernas intresse i de fall kunderna handlar med finansiella instrument. Direktivet är skrivet med ett starkt kundskydd och harmoniserad inre marknad som mål. Två år senare, 2016, antogs direktiv 2016/97, även kallat IDD. IDD är motsvarandeThe financial crisis 2008 revealed several weaknesses in the regulation on the financial markets. It was evident that a new, stricter, regulation was needed to be created. Directive 2014/65EU, MiFID II and directive 2016/97, IDD, is a part of the new financial regulation. MiFID II regulates how financial institutes can interact with investors, when investors seek to buy or sell financial instrumen
Background and ObjectivesSpinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) and other neurodegenerative cerebellar ataxias (N-SCAs) involve alterations in cerebellar structure and function, affecting motor control and sensorimotor integration but also cognitive functions such as visuospatial processing. The cerebellum is essential for sensorimotor functions, and it contributes to cognition. The study aims to assess s
Introduction: Dislocation is a major complication of total hip arthroplasty (THA) for femoral neck fractures (FNFs). Dual mobility cups (DMCs) are in clinical practice for patients at risk of dislocation in primary-and revision arthroplasty. This study investigated whether changing routines from conventional THA (cTHA) to DMC for fracture patients at our orthopaedic unit resulted in a reduced disl
The traditional approaches rely solely on temperature measures to assess heat-related health risks; but there is a growing trend towards using bio-meteorological indices for a more comprehensive evaluation. However, the adoption of bio-meteorological indices in developing countries is considerably limited. Therefore, this study compares bio-meteorological index, the maximum Universal Thermal Clima
INTRODUCTION: The immune microenvironment plays a crucial role in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC), but its variation across primary tumors and metastatic sites remains incompletely understood. In this study, we compared the composition and prognostic significance of the immune microenvironment in lung metastases, paired primary tumors, and liver metastases from a retrospective cohort of
Background: Cyclic Cushing's syndrome (cCS) features fluctuating cortisol secretion, often causing diagnostic errors or delays, and possibly poorer outcomes. We aimed to identify unpublished cCS cases to characterise clinical challenges and guide strategies for improving outcomes by characterising cycle patterns, peak frequency, and evaluating complications. Methods: This was a retrospective obser
OBJECTIVE: Diabetes significantly increases the risk for atherosclerotic complications, including coronary artery disease (CAD). Previous studies have suggested that adult-onset diabetes can be classified into five different clinical subtypes, including moderate obesity-related diabetes (MOD). The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic associations between the five diabetes subtypes and
The microbial use of resources to sustain life and reproduce influences for example, decomposition and plant nutrient provisioning. The study of “limiting factors” has shed light on the interaction between plants and their environment. Here, we investigated whether carbon (C), nitrogen (N), or phosphorus (P) was limiting for soil microorganisms in a subarctic tundra heath, and how changes in resou
Purpose: To describe and compare early screening outcomes before, during and after a randomized controlled trial with digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) including synthetic 2D mammography versus standard digital mammography (DM) (To-Be 1) and a follow-up cohort study using DBT (To-Be 2). Methods: Retrospective results of 125,020 screening examinations from four consecutive screening rounds perform
BACKGROUND: KRAS mutation can alter the treatment plan after resection of colorectal cancer. Despite its importance, the KRAS status of several patients remains unchecked because of the high cost and limited resources. This study developed a deep neural network (DNN) to predict the KRAS genotype using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained histopathological images. STUDY DESIGN: Three DNNs were c
Background: Previous studies showed that lifestyle behaviors (cigarette smoking, alcohol, coffee) are inversely associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). The prodromal phase of PD raises the possibility that these associations may be explained by reverse causation. Objective: To examine associations of lifestyle behaviors with PD using two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) and the potential for
Particle size can be an important variable to know in many different areas, be it smoke simulations, toxicity of materials or tests of face masks. Fires in a reduced oxygen environment can occur for ventilation-controlled fires or in areas with artificially lowered oxygen levels. The effects of lower concentrations of oxygen on heat release rate, smoke production etc. has been studied, but any eff
Global climate change has brought more frequent and severe heatwaves which affect all areas of human life. Occupational safety and health of construction workers is one of the most severely affected areas in Asia and Africa, but also Europe. This thesis focuses on the most recent heat wave from summer 2019 and observes its effects on construction workers in the Netherlands, with examples from immi
Background and objectives: The transdiagnostic approach states that mental disorders share common psychopathological processes which are expressed in disorder-specific ways. The first purpose of this thesis was to examine the transdiagnostic validity of repetitive negative thinking (RNT) and emotion regulation (ER) difficulties across major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (
