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The rapid advances in life science, including the sequencing of the human genome and numerous other techiques, has given an extraordinary ability to aquire data on biological systems and human disease. Even so, drug development costs are higher than ever, while the rate of new approved treatments is historically low. A potential explanation to this discrepancy might be the difficulty of understand
Anaerobic co-digestion is an emerging practice at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to improve the energy balance and integrate waste management. Modelling of co-digestion in a plant-wide WWTP model is a powerful tool to assess the impact of co-substrate selection and dose strategy on digester performance and plant-wide effects. A feasible procedure to characterise and fractionate co-substrates
Many universities are actively promoting scholarly inquiry into teaching and learning to improve education. Strategies used may involve support for development projects, teaching awards and academies. The Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Sweden, has developed a Teaching Academy with criteria for membership founded in Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (Kreber, 2002; Trigwell & Shale, 20
Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling behandlar organisatoriska aspekter som organisationsklimat, psykologiskt klimat samt medarbetarskap utifrån ledarskapsbeteende, arbetskamratsbeteende och interaktivt ledare-följarebeteende. Den sistnämnda faktorn handlar både om ledarens och följarens (medarbetarens, arbetskamratens) beteende och om dessa är samstämmiga (kongruenta) eller skilda. AvhandThis doctoral dissertation was driven by an inspiration to study how employees behave toward each other from an interactive perspective where all members of an organization are considered active contributors. Employeeship holds this perspective and acknowledges the importance of productive relationships. The objective of this dissertation is to contribute to the conceptual and methodological devel
The field of phylogenomics has emerged during the last five years, as the number of fully or partially sequenced genomes has increased rapidly. Using whole genomes for phylogenetic studies greatly increases the accuracy of the trees determined, and can potentially resolve phylogenetic questions that could not be resolved bu studies using only a few gene sequences. In the current thesis selected p
In the 1990s, Japanese energy regulators were concerned by the fact that new generations of energy using appliances and products no longer displayed successive use-phase energy efficiency improvements, such as those that characterised product development in Japan after the 1970s oil crises. Therefore, in 1999, Japan incepted its Top Runner programme, designed to rejuvenate the lost momentum. Sever
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the causative agent of gonorrhea, a disease that is restricted to humans. Complement forms a key arm of the innate immune system that combats gonococcal infections. N. gonorrhoeae uses its outer membrane porin (Por) molecules to bind the classical pathway of complement down-regulatory protein C4b-binding protein (C4bp) to evade killing by human complement. Strains of N. go
The c-myc proto-oncogene was analyzed in 311 cases of primary breast cancer, in 8% of which it was found to be amplified, usually at moderately increased copy number (2-5 copies). The adjacent pvt gene was co-amplified with c-myc in all tumors analyzed. C-myc amplification was significantly correlated to a high S-phase fraction and to amplification of the c-erbB-2 proto-oncogene. Weak relationship
Organ-specific lymphocyte homing is dependent on the expression of tissue-specific homing receptors and selected chemokine receptors. During the effector phase of an immune response, IgA and IgG antibody-secreting cells (ASC) are differently distributed in the body. Still, B cell expression of L-selectin and the mucosal homing receptor integrin alpha 4 beta 7 is not related to the isotype produced
Background: In Malmo approximately 250 000 citizens live in 17 administrative areas with substantial socioeconomic differences. At the single centre for arterial reconstruction, Malmo University Hospital, all procedures are registered prospectively. Methods: Between 1987 and 2002, 1832 Malmo citizens underwent reconstruction for peripheral arterial disease, either intermittent claudication (IQ or
5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) has a variety of biological effects, e.g. it induces and modulates vascular smooth muscle activity. The effects are mainly mediated via a hetergenous group of 5-HT receptor subtypes. In order to elucidate the 5-HT receptor mechanisms in the human splanchnic circulation, in vitro studies were carried out on omental arteries obtained from patients undergoing abdominal surg
To, address; he possibility, that genes specifically control the chronic phase of arthritis we have isolated a congenic fragment from the resistant E3; rat cm the, susceptible DA rat background. The isolated fragment covers the Pia6 quantitative trait locus on chromosome 14, which previously has been identified to be linked to chronic pristane induced arthritis (PIA) in gene segregation experiment
Cysteine proteinases are important not only in the intracellular catabolism of peptides and proteins1 and in the processing of prohormones and proenzymes2,3, but also in the penetration of normal human tissue by malignant cells4 and possibly microorganisms5, including viruses. Cystatin C is a human cysteine proteinase inhibitor present in extracellular fluids6. We have synthesized peptide derivati
The sensory innervation of intracranial vessels originates in the trigeminal ganglion with calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP) as frequent neuronal messengers. The present study was designed to study the expression of these neuropeptides (a) in primary culture of adult rat trigeminal ganglion neuronal cells and (b) in
We have studied the effects of cholesterol and steroid-based antibiotic fusidic acid (FA) on the behavior of lipid bilayers using a variety of experimental techniques together with atomic-scale molecular dynamics simulations. Capillary electrophoretic measurements showed that FA was incorporated into fluid 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine membranes. Differential scanning calorimetr
The isotopic analysis of particles containing sub-pg to pg levels of uranium, released from nuclear material handling, has been proven as an efficient tool for international safeguard purposes. Precise and accurate measurement of both enrichment and the minor isotopes is, however, a challenging analytical task due to the low levels of material. One of the mainstay techniques for particle measureme
The effect of the anionic surfactant SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) on the adsorption behaviors of cationic hydroxyethyl celluloses (Polymer JR-125, JR-400, and JR-30M) and hydrophobically modified cationic cellulose (Quatrisoft LM-200) at silica surfaces in the presence of a 10 mM NaCl solution has been investigated by null ellipsometry. The adsorbed amount of LM-200 is found to be considerably lar
Cubomedusae (box jellyfish) possess a remarkable visual system with 24 eyes distributed in four sensory structures termed rhopalia. Each rhopalium is equipped with six eyes: two pairs of pigment cup eyes and two unpaired lens eyes. Each eye type probably captures specific features of the visual environment. To investigate whether multiple types of photoreceptor cells are present in the rhopalium,
We review the effects of human impact on biodiversity of European forests in the light of recent views on disturbances and succession in ecosystems, and discuss recent ideas on how biodiversity affects ecosystem functions such as productivity and ecosystem stability. With this as a background we discuss how to better manage European forests for both production and biodiversity. We argue that the n
In animal eyes of the camera type longitudinal chromatic aberration causes defocus that is particularly severe in species with short depth of focus. In a variety of vertebrates, multifocal optical systems compensate for longitudinal chromatic aberration by concentric zones of different refractive powers. Since a constricting circular pupil blocks peripheral zones, eyes with multifocal optical syst
